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Copyright!^?. 



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COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 




RICHARD K. FOX 



PROPRIETOR OF THE POLICE GAZETTE 
PUBLISHING HOUSE 



So 

SCIENTIFIC 

BASEBALL 



By JOHN J. McGRAW 

h 

Manager-Captain of the New York Club 
National League 



ALSO THE 

Official Rules for 1910 

AND SCHEDULE OF GAMES TO BE PLAYED 



FULLY ILLUSTRATED 



RICHARD K. FOX, Publisher 
FRANKLIN SQUARE, NEW YORK CITY 






M*' 



\ 



Copyright 1910 
Richard K. Fox 



©0LA259128 






CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

Introduction 9 

Schedules for National, American and Eastern League Games for 1910 11 

How to Pitch the Spit Ball 19 

Hints on Pitching 25 

The Man Behind the Bat 33 

Playing First Base , 43 

On Second Base 49 

The Third Baseman 55 

Shortstop 61 

At the Bat 65 

The Outfielders. 73 

Concerning Base Running 77 

Sliding to Base 81 

On Bunting 83 

Rules 85 

National League Records, 1909 120 

National League Batting Averages, 1909 121 

National League Pitching Averages, 1909 123 

American League Records, 1909 125 

American League Batting averages, 1909 126 

American League Pitching Averages, 1909 128 

World's Championship Series, 1909 130 

Eastern League Batting Averages, 1909 131 

Eastern League Pitching Averages, 1909 132 

New York State League Batting Averages, 1909... 133 

New York State League Pitching Averages, 1909 134 

American Association Batting Averages, 1909 135 

American Association Pitching Averages, 1909 136 

New England League Batting Averages, 1909 137 

New England League Pitching Averages, 1909 138 

Western League Batting Averages, 1909 139 

Western League Pitching Averages, 1909 140 

Southern League Batting Averages, 1909 141 

Southern League Pitching Averages, 1909 142 




THOMAS LYNCH, PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONAL LEAGUE. 



INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS. 

PAGE 

Richard K. Fox 2 

Thomas J. Lynch, President of the National League .. 6 

John A. Heydler 8 

John T. Brush , 10 

John J. McGraw 20 

How to Pitch— The Spit Ball „. 22 

—The Slow Straight Ball 24 

—The In-curve.... ■. 26 

—The Out-curve 28 

—The Drop-curve 30 

Roger Bresnahan , ... 32 

Catcher Gibson, Pittsburg Nationals 34 

Clark Griffith, Cincinnati Club 36 

Hal Chase, New York Americans 38 

Eddie Lennox, Brooklyn Nationals ... 40 

Pitcher Covaleski, Philadelphia Nationals 42 

John Hummell, Brooklyn Nationals 44 

Al Bridwell, New York Nationals 46 

ITughey Jennings, Detroit Americans 48 

Ty Cobb, Detroit Americans 50 

First Baseman Konetchy 52 

Fred Clark, Pittsburg Nationals 54 

Pitcher Dick Morris 56 

A Hustling Pittsburg Bali Team 58 

Ferdon Club, Oakland, Cal 60 

Colored Ball Team, Troop M, Fort Riley, Kan 62 

Ball Team of the Battleship Nebraska 64 

Baseball Club, Fort Des Moines, Iowa 66 

Champion Team, Fort Caswell, N. C 68 

Napoleon Lajoie 70 

Bill Donovan, Detroit Americans.. Ill 

Willie Keeler 115 

Mordecai Brown, Chicago Nationuls 117 




JOHN A. HEYDLER. 



INTRODUCTION, 



THE past year has been a most remarkable 
one for baseball in more ways than one. 
It has proven its popularity with the public, 
and the attendance at the games has been so 
unusual as to attract more than passing- 
attention. It is the coming sport of the 
world, and will soon be played by the lovers 
of outdoor sports of every nation in the 
world. Already the Japanese are making 
great strides in the progress of the game, and 
the little schoolboys of the Flowery Kingdom 
are developing into clever players. But the 
American boy has the lead and will probably 
keep it for many years to come. 

You can't learn it all out of a book, but you 
can learn a lot, and so the young fellow who 
is willing to admit that he doesn't know it 
all — and those are the kind who usually come 
out ahead — will find in a book like this a lot 
of valuable and useful information that will 
be of great help to him. For these especially 
this book is written, and I have done the 
best in my power to keep it up to date in 
every detail. John J. McGraw. 




JOHN T. BRUSH. 



SCHEDULES 



OF THE 



National, American 
and Eastern Leagues 

For 1 910 



AND THE 

OFFICIAL RULES 

for Professional Baseball 



Adopted by the Joint Playing Rules Committee of the National 
and the American Leagues at New York., February 16,1910 



BASEBALL SCHEDULE FOR 1910 

National League. American League. 



1 



Boston at home vs. 



Chicago at home vs. 



Brooklyn. 
April 27, 28, 29. 30. June 25, 27, 
29. Sept. 1, 2, 3. 



St, Louis. 

April 14, 15, 16, 17. July 1, 2, 3, 4, 4. 

Sept. 12, 13. 



New York. 

April 14, 15, 16. July 5, 6, 7, 7, Sept. 

30. Oct. 1, 3, 4. 



Detroit. 

April 30. May 1, 2. 3. July 29. 30, 

3f. Sept. 11. Oct. 6, 8, 9. 



Philadelphia. 

May 2, 3,4. June 30. July 1,2.4,4 

Oct. 6, 7, 8. 



Cleveland. 

April 18, 19, 20. May 8, 29. June 

25, 26. Sept. 5, 5. Oct. 1. 2. 



Pittsburg. 

June 6, 7, 8,9. Aug. 6,8,9,10. Sept 

17, 19, 20. 



Washington. 

June 10, 11, 12, 13. Aug. 5, 6, 7, 8. 

Sept. 26, 27, 28. 



Cincinnati. 
June 10, 11, 13, 14. Aug. 2, 3, 4, 5. 

Sept. 22, 23, 24. 



Athletics. 
June 15, 16, 18, 19. Aug. 1, 2, 3, 4. 

Sept. 23, 24. 25. 



Chicago. 

June 1,2, 3. 4. Aug. 11,12,13. Sept 

26, 27. 28, 29. 



New York. 

June 2, 3, 4, 5. Aug, 13, 14. 15, 16. 

Sept. 19, 20, 21. 



St. Louis. 

June 15, 16. 17. 17, 18. Aug. 15. 16, 17, 

Sept. 14, 15, 16. 



Boston. 

June 6, 7, 8, 9. Aug. 9. 10, 11, 12. 

Sept. 15, 17, 18. 



Brooklyn at home vs. 



St. Liouis at home vs. 



Boston. 

May 5, 6, 7. May 28, 30. 30, 31. July 
26,28. Oct. 10, 12. 



Chicago. 

April 21, 22, 23. 24. Sept. 6. 7, 8, 9, 10 

Sept. 29,30. 



New York. 

May 2, 3, 4, 27. June 20, 21, 22, 23. 

Sept. 5, 5. Oct. 3. 



Detroit. 
April 25, 26, 27, 28. May 29, 30, 
31. June 26. Oct. 1, 2. 



Philadelphia. 

April 18, 19. 20. 21. July 30, Aug. 1 

Sept. 10, 30. Oct. 1, 13. 15. 



Cleveland. 

April 30. May 1, 2, 3, 4. July 31. 

Sept. 4, 11. Oct. 6, 8, 9. 



Pittsburg. 
June 1,2, 3, 4. Aug. 11. 12, 13. Sept 

26, 27, 28, 29. 



Washington. 

June 15, 16, 18, 19. Aug 1, 2, 3, 4. 

Sept. 23, 24, 25. 



Cincinnati. 

June 6, 7, 8, 9. Aug. 6, 8, 9, 10. 

Sept. 14, 15, 16o 



Athletics. 
June 10, 11, 12, 13. Aug. 5, 6, 7, 
Sept. 26, 27, 28. 



Chicago. 

June 15, 16. 17, 18. Aug. 15, 16, 17. 

Sept. 17, 19, 20, 21. 



New York. 

June 6, 7. 8, 9. Aug. 9, 10, 11. 12. 

Sept. 15, 17, 18. 



St. Louis. 
June 10, 11, 13, 14. Aug. 2, 3, 4, 
Sept. 22, 23, 24. 



Boston. 

June 2, 3, 4. 5. Aug, 13, 14, 15, 16. 
Sept. 19, 20, 21. 



BASEBALL SCHEDULE FOR 1910 



American League. 



New York at home vs. 



Boston. 
April 18, 19, 20, 21. July 30. Aug. 
Sept. 7, 8, 10. Oct. 13, 15. 



Detroit at home vs. 



Chicago. 

May 5, 6, 7. May 28. June 28, 29, 

30. July 28, Sept. 2, 3, 4. 



Brooklvn. 
April 22, 23, 25, 26. June 30. 
1, 2, 4, 4. Oct. 6, 7. 



July 



St. Louis. 

April 18, 19, 20. May 8. June 21 

22, 23, 25. July 6. Sept. 5, 5. 



Philadelphia. 
May 5, 6, 7. June 25, 27, ! 
July 27, 28. Oct. 10, 12. 



Pittsburg. 
June 15, 16, 17, 18. An- 15, 
Sept. 14, 15. 16, 21. 



Cincinnati. 
June 1, 2, 3, 4. Aug. 11, 
Sept. 26, 27, 28, 29. 



Chicago. 

June 10, 11, 13. 14. Aug, 2, 3. 4, 5, 
Sept. 22, 23, 24. 



St. Louis. 
June 6, 7, 8, 9. Aug. ( 
Sept. 17, 19, 20. 



J, 10, 



Philadelphia at home vs. 



Boston. 
April 22, 23, 25, 26. June 
23, 24. Sept. 5, 5. 



21, 22 : 



Brooklyn. 
April 14, 15. 16. July 5, 
Sept. 6, 7, 8, 9. 



7, 7 



New York-. 
April 27, 28, 29, 30. Mav 28. 
31. Sept. 1, 2, 3. 



Pittsburg. 
June 10, 11, 13, 14. Aug. 2, 
Sept. 22. 23, 24. 



4, 5 



Cincinnati. 

June 15, 16, 17, 18. Aug. 15, 16, 17 

Sept. 17, 19, 20, 21. 



Chicago. 
June 6, 7. 8, 9. Aug. 
Sept. 14, 15, 1 



8. 9, 10. 



St. Louis. 
June 1,2,3,4. Aug. 11,12, 13. 

26, 27, 28, 29. 



Cleveland. 

April 14, 15,16,17. April 24. July: 

Sept. 12, 13, 14. Oct. 4, 5. 



Washington. 

June 6, 7, 8, 9. July 13, 14, 15, 16, 

Aug. 13, 14. Sept. 19. 



Athletics. 

June 1, 2. 4, 5. Aug. 9, 10, 11, 12, 

Sept. 15, 17, 18. 



New York. 
June 10, 11, 12, 13. Aug. 5, 6, 7, 
Sept. 26, 27, 28. 



Boston. 

June 15, 16, 18. 19. Aug. 1, 2, 3, 4. 

Sept: 23, 24, 25. 



Cleveland at home vs. 



Chicago. 

April 25. 26. 27, 28. Mav 30. 30, 31. 

June 21, 22. 23. July 6. 



St. Louis. 
May 5, 6. 7. May 28. June ! 
30. July 28, 30. Sept. 2, « 



IDetroit. 

April 21, 22, 23. July 1, 2, 4,?4. Sept. 

7, 8, 9, 10. 



Washington. 

June 1, 2, 3, 4. Aus, 9, 10, 11, 12. 

Sept. 15, 16, 17. 



Athletics. 

June 6, 7, 8, 9. Aug. 13, 15, 16, 17. 

Sept. 19. 20, 21. 



New York. 

June 15, 16, 17, 18. Aug. 1, 2, 3, 4. 

Sept. 22, 23, 24. 



Boston. 
June 10, 11, 13, 14. Aug. 5, 

26, 27, 28, 29. 



Sept. 



BASEBALL SCHEDULE FOR 1910" 

National League. American League. 



Pittsburg at home vs. 



Washington at honie vs. 



Boston. 

May 17, 18, 19, 20. May 26, 27, 

Julv lh, 19, 20. Aug. 19, 20. 



Chicago. 

May 10, 11, 12. 13. July 22, 23, 25, '. 

Aug. 22, 23, 24. 



Brooklyn. 
May 9, 10, 11, 12. July 13, 14, 15, 16, 

Aug. 25,26,27. 



St. Louis. 

May 19, 20. 21, 23. July 8, 9, 11, 12. 

Aug. 29, 30, 31. 



New York. 

May 21, 23, 24, 25. July 13, 14, 15, 16. 

Aug. 29, 30, 31. 



Detroit. 

May 24, 25, 26, 27. Ans. 15, 16. 17. 

Aug. 25, 25, 26, 27. 



Philadelphia. 

May 13, 14, 16. July 2, 11, 12 

July 25, 26. Aug. 22, 23, 24. 



Cleveland. 

May 14, 16. 17, 18. July 18, 19, 20, 21. 

Aug. 18, 19, 20. 



Cincinnati. 
April 28, 29. May 30, 30, 31. June 
30. July 2. July 28, 30. Oct. 13, 15. 



Athletics. 

April 14. 15. 16. July 5. 6, 7. Sept. 

1, 2, 3. Oct. 8, 8. 



Chicago. 

April 30. May 3, 4, 5. June 24, 25, 

July 4, 4, 5, 6. Oct. 8. 



New York. 

April 22, 23, 25, 26. June 25, 27, 28, 

29. Sept. 7, 8, 9, 



St. Louis. 

April 21, 22, 23. June 27, 28. Sept 

5, 5, 6, 7. Sept. 30. Oct. 1. 



Boston. 

April 27, 28, 29, 30. July 1, 2, 4, 4. 

Oct. 5, 6, 7. 



Cincinnati at home vs. 



Philadelphia at home vs. 



Boston. 

May 21, 22, 23, 24, 25. July 13, 14 

15, 16. Aug. 29, 30. 



Chicago. 

May 14, 16, 17, 18. J uly 18, 19, 20, 21. 

Aug. 18, 19, 20. 



Brooklyn. 

May 13, 14, 15, 16. July 9, 10, 11, 12 

Aug. 22, 23, 24. 



St. Louis. 

May 24, 25, 26, 27. July 13, 14, 15, 16. 

Aug. 25, 26, 27. 



New York. 

May 17, 18, 19, 20. July 17, 18, 19, 20. 

Aug. 19, 20, 21. 



Detroit. 

May 19, 20, 21, 23. July 8, 9, 11, 12. 

Aug. 29, 30, 31. 



Philadelphia. 

May 9, 10, 11, 12. July 21, 22, 23, 24 

Aug. 25, 27, 28. 



Pittsburg. 

April 18, 19, 20. June 26. July 3 

31. Sept. 1, 3, 4. Oct. 9, 12. 



Chicago. 

April 14, 15, 16, 17 June 19. Sept. 

5, 5. Oct. 1, 2, 3, 4. 



St. Louis. 

April 24, 25, 26, 30. May 1, 28, 28, 29. 

Sept. 10, 11. Oct. 8. 



Cleveland. 

May 10, 11, 12, 13. July 22, 23, 25 

26. Aug. 22, 23, 24. 



Wasuirmton. 
May 5, 6, 7, 9. July 27. 28, 29, 
Sept. 10, 12, 13. 



New York. 
April 18, 19, 20, 21. July 1, 2, 4, 
Oct. 5, 6, 7. 



Boston. 

May 2, 3, 4. June 25, 27. 28,29. Sept 

30. Oct. 1, 3, 4. 



BASEBALL SCHEDULE FOR 1910 



National League. 



American League. 



Chicago at home vs. 



Boston. 
May 13, 14, 15, 16. Julv 21, 22, 23, 24 

Aug. 22. 23, 24. 



Brooklyn. 
May 17, 18, 19, 20. July 17, 18, 19,! 
Aug:. 19, 20, 21. 



N?w York. 

May 9, 10, 11, 12. Julv 9, 10, 11, 12 

Aug. 25, 27, 28. 



New York at home vs. 



Chicago. 

May 24, 25, 26, 27, July 8, 9, 11, 12. 

Aug. 25, 26, 27. 



St. Louis. 

May 14, 16, 17, 18. July 18, 19, 20, 21. 

Aug. 18, 19, 20. 



Detroit. 

May 10, 11, 12, 13. July 22, 23, 25. 

26. Aug. 22, 23, 24. 



Philadelphia. 

May 21, 22, 23, 24, 25. July 13, 14, 

15, 16. Aim. 29, 30. 



Cleveland. 

May 19, 20, 21, 23. J ulv 13, 14, 15, 16. 

Aug. 29, 30, 31. 



Pittsburg. 
April 24, 25, 26, 27. May 1,7, 
Sept. 10, 11. 



Washington. 

May 2, 3, 4. May 28, 30, 30, 31. Sept. 

30. Oct. 1, 3, 4. 



Cincinnati. 
April 21, 22. 23. June 21, 22, 
June 27, 28. Sept. 6, 7, 8. 



Athletics. 

April 27, 28, 29. 30. June 21, 22, 23, 

24, Sept. 5, 5, 6. 



St. Louis. 

April 28, 29. May 30, 30. June 

25. Sepc. 3. 4. Oct. 9, 10, 12, 15. 



Boston. 

April 14, 15, 16. July 5, 6, 7. Sept. 

1, 2, 3. Oct. 8, 8. 



St. !Louis at home vs. 



Koston at home vs. 



Boston. 

May 9, 10, 11, 12. July 9, 10, 11, 12. 

Aug. 25, 27, 28. 



Chicauo. 
May 19, 20. 21, 23. Julvl3, 14, 15, 
Aug. 29, 30, 31. 



Brooklyn 

May 21, 22, 23, 24, 25. July 13, 14, 

15, 16. Aug. 29, 30. 



St. Louis. 
May 10, 11, 12, 13. Julv 22, 23, 25, 
Aug. 22, 23,24. 



New York. 

May 13, 14, 15, 16. July 21, 22, 23,24. 

Aug. 22, 23, 24. 



Detroit. 

May 14, 16, 17, 18. July 18, 19, 20, 
Aug. 18, 19, 20. 



Philadelphia. 

May 17, 18, 19, 20. Julv 17, 18, 19, 20. 

Aug. 19, 20, 21. 



Cleveland. 
May 24, 25, 26, 27. July 8, 9, 11, 
Aug. 25, 26, 27. 



Pittsburg. 

Agril 14, 15, 16. 17. June 20, 21, 22. 

Oct. 2, 3, 4, 5. 



Washington. 
April 18, 19, 19, 20, 21. June 21, 
23, 24, Sept. 5, 5. 



Cincinnati. 

May 4, 5,7, 8. June 23. 24, 25. July 

4, 4, 5, 6. 



Chicago. 

April 18, 19. 20. June 29, 30. Julv 

1, 2, 3, 28, 30, 31. 



Athletics. 
April 22. 23. 25, 26. Mav 28, 
31. Sept. 7, 8, 9. 



New York. 
May 5, 6, 7. 9. Julv 27, 
sept. 10, 12, 13. 



1, 29, 



BASEBALL SCHEDULE FOR 1910 

Eastern League. 


Montreal at home vs. 


Buffalo at home vs. 


Toronto. 

May 26, 27, 28, 29. July 10, 11, 12. 

13. Sept. 16, 17, 18. 


Montreal. 
May 30, 30. June 3 . July 7, 8, 9, 9. 

Sept. 5, 5, 6. 


Buffalo. 

June 5, 6, 7, 8. July 1, 1, 2, 3. 

Sept. 19, 20, 21. 


Toronto. 

June 2, 3, 4. July 4. 4, 5, 6. Sept. 

8, 9, 10, 10. 


Rocu eater. 
June 9, 10, 11, 12. July 15, 16, 17. 

Sept. 22, 23, 24, 25. 


Rochester. 
May 26, 27, 28. 28. Sept. 1, 2, 3, 3, 12, 
13,14. 


Providence. 
May 18, 19, 20, 21. July 30, 31. 

Aug. 1, 2, 22, 23, 24. 


Providence. 
May 9, 10, 11, 12. July 18. 19, 20, 21. 

Aug. 19, 20, 20. 


Jersey City. 

May 9, 10, 11, 12. July 26, 27, 28, 29. 

Aug. 19, 20, 21. 


Jersey City. 

May 18, 19, 20, 21. .1 uly 22, 23, 23, 25. 

A ug. 22, 23, 24. 


Newark. 

May 22, 23, 24, 24. July 18, 19, 20, 21. 

Aus?. 25, 26. 27. 


Newark. 

May 13, 14, 16. 17. July 30, 30. Aug. 

1, 2, 29, 30, 30, 31. 


Baltimore. 

May 13, 14, 15, 16. July 22, 23, 24, 25. 

Aug. 28, 29, 30. 


Baltimore. 

May 23, 24, 25. July 26, 27, 28, 29. 

Aug. 25, 26, 27, 27. 


Toronto at home vs. 


Rochester at home vs. 


Montreal. 

June 13, 14, 15. Sept. 1, 2, 3, 3, 12, 

13, 14, 15. 


Montreal. 

June 2, 3, 4. July 4. 4. 5, 6. Sept. 

8, 9, 10, 10. 


Buffalo. 

June 9, 10, 11. 11. July 14, 15, 16. 

Sept. 22, 23, 24, 24. 


Toronto. 

May 30, 30, 31. June 1. July 7, 8, 9. 

Sept. 5, 5, 6, 7. 


Rochester. 

June 6, 7, 8, 30. Julvl, 1, 2. Sept. 

19, 20, 21, 21. 


Buffalo. 

June 13, 14, 15, 16. July 11, 12, 13 

Sept. 15. 16, 17, 17. 


Providence. 

May 13, 14, 16, 17. July 22, 23, 23, 25. 

Aug. 29, 30, 3K 


Providence. 

May 23, 24. 25. July 26, 27, 28, 29. 

A ug. 25, 26, 27, 27. 


Jersey City. 

May 23, 24. 24, 25. July 18, 19, 20, 21. 

Aug. 25, 26, 27. 


Jersey City. 

May 13, 14, 16, 17. July 30, 30. Aug. 

1, 2, 29, 30, 30, 31. 


Newark. 

May 18, 19, 20, 21. July 26, 27. 28, 29. 

Aug. 22, 23. 24. 


Newark. 

May 9, 10, 11, 12. July 22, 23, 23, 25. 

Aug. 19, 20, 20. 


Baltimore. 

May 9, 10, 11, 12. July 30. Aug. 1, 

1, 2, 19, 20, 20. 


Baltimore. 
May 18, 19, 20, 21. July 18, 19, 20, 21. 

Aug. 22, 23, 24. 



BASEBALL SCHEDULE FOR 1910 

Eastern League. 



Providence at home vs. 



May 



Montreal. 
5, 7, 8. June 23, 25, 36. Aug. 
3, 4, 5. 6. 



Montreal. 

April 25, 26, 27, 28. June 20, 21, 22. 

Aug. 11, 12, 13, 14. 



Toronto. 

April 21, 22, 23. 24. June 17, 18, 19. 

Aug. 15, 16, 17, 18. 



Toronto. 

April 29, 30. Mav 1. 2. June 27, 28. 
29. Aug. 7, 8, 9, 10. 



Buffalo. 

April 29, 30. May 1, 2. June 27, 

28, 29. A us?. 11, 12, 13, 14. 



Rochester. 
April 25, 26. 27, 28. June 20, 21, 22. 

A 114. 7, 8. 9, 10. 



Jersev City. 

June 2, 3, 4, 5. Sept. 1, 2, 3, 4. Sept. 

12, 13, 14. 



Providence. 

June 6, 7, 8. July 11, 12, 13, 14. Sept. 

19, 20, 21, 21. 



Newark. 

May 26, 27, 28, 29. July 15, 16, 17. 

Sept. 5, 5, 6, 7. 



Baltimore. 

May 30. 30. June 1, 30. July 1, 2, 

3. Sept. 15. 16, 17, 18. 



Newark at borne vs. 



Buffalo. 

May 4, 5, 7, 8. June 17. 18, 19. Aug. 
15, 16, 17, 18. 



Rochester. 

April 21, 22, 23, 24. June 23, 25, 26. 

Aug. 3. 4, 5, 6. 



Jersev City. 

Mav 30. p. m. June 1, 13, 15. July 

1, 3, 4, a. uq., 5. Sept. 18, 22, 24. 



Baltimore. 

June 2. 3. 4, 5, 12. July 10. Sept. 

2, 3, 4, 10, 11. 



Jersey City at home vs. 



Baltimore at home vs. 



Montreal. 

April 21, 22, 23, 24. June 27, 28. 29 

Aug. 15, 16, 17, 18. 



Montreal. 
April 29, 30o May 2, 3. June 16, 
18. Aug. 8, 9, 10, 10. 



Toronto. 

May 4, 5, 7. 8. J'ine 20, 21, 22. Aug 

3, 4, 5. 6. 



Toronto. 

April 25, 26. 27, 28. June 23, 24, 25. 

Aug. 11, 12, 13, 13. 



Buffalo. 

A pril 25, 26, 27. 28. June 23, 25, 26, 

Aug. 7, 8, 9, 10. 



Buffalo. 

April 21, 22, 23, 23. June 20. 21, 22. 

Aug. 3, 4, 5, 6. 



April 29, i 
19. 



Rochester. 
>. May 1.2. June 17, 18 
Aug. 11. 12. 13, 14. 



Rochester. 

May 4, 5, 6, 7, June 27, 28, 29. Aug. 

15, 16, 17, 18. 



Providence. 

June 9, 10, 11, 12. July 7, 8, 9, 10 

Sept. 9, 10, 11. 



Providence. 

June 13, 14, 15. July 4, 4, 5, 6. Sept. 

22, 23, 24, 24. 



Newark. 
May 30 a. m.. 31. June 14. 30 
July 2, 4, p. m., 6. Sept. 16, 17, 23. 25 



Jersey City. 
Mav 26, 27, 28. July 11, 12, 13, 14 
Sept. 5, 5, 6, 7. J 



Baltimore. 

May 29. June 6. 7. 8. Julv 15, 16 

17,17. Sent. 19, 20 : 21. 



Newark. 

June 9. 10, 11. July 7, 8, 9, 9. sept. 

12, 12, 13, 14. 



OFFICIAL DIAGRAM OF A 
BASEBALL FIELD. 



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vol 



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For further information see Rules from 
No* 2 to No. J2, 



HOW TO PITCH THE SPIT BALL. 



The spit ball, which is probably the most de- 
ceptive ball that a batter ever struck at, is thrown 
at medium speed. If thrown fast it loses its ef- 
fect. It must be carefully judged, for if it is too 
slow it will break too' soon and probably hit the 
ground before it reaches the catcher. 

To throw a spit ball wet the first and second 
fingers, so it will slip away instead of rolling 
away. With the latter movement the curve is 
sharp, but with the former it is sudden and some- 
times startling. 

It will be found difficult at first to control the 
ball, and the beginner is apt to be discouraged 
because of his wild throws. 

Bear in mind one thing: In ordinary and 
curve pitching the ball leaves the thumb first 
and the fingers last; with the spit ball this is re- 
versed, and the thumb is made to control the ball 
instead of the fingers. 

The wetting of the two fingers is only for the 
purpose of allowing the ball to slip away from 
them easily. 




4*V 



JOHN McGRAW AT THE BAT. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 



Very little rotary motion is imparted to the 
"spit" ball. It! comes up big and slow and the 
batter can almost see the seams. Just as he 
draws back to hit it the ball seems to receive 
new impetus and drops or jumps as if struck, 
down from behind. If the batter hits where 
he aimed he misses it probably a foot. 

That used to be the case before batters real- 
ized what they were up against. In desperation, 
after being fooled a few times, they took to run- 
ning up to meet the ball, with the hope of hitting 
it before it "broke" or just as it was starting to. 
In this, however, the advantage is all with the 
pitcher, as he may "fake" a spit ball delivery and 
deliver a fast ball, which is past the batter before 
he gets started on his "run-up." 

That is what has caused so many former heavy 
hitters to become disheartened and declare that 
nowadays, the batter is lucky if he hits .250 on 
the season. It certainly has. cut down the hitting 
so much in one season that already a change in 
the rules is contemplated. 

Unlike an ordinary curved ball, the pitcher 
cannot be certain of the side direction the ball 
will take as it breaks downward. The perfect 
"spit" ball drops from a batter's hips to his knees 
or below in perhaps two feet of forward motion. 

The side breaks are determined by the manner 
in which the ball leaves the pitcher's hand. If 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 



the hand is turned with the arm facing down and 
to one side the break at the plate will be different 
than if the ball left the hand with the palm not 
turned over so far. There are a great many 
angles to deliver the ball from and different arm 
motions, but they must be studied out. 




HINTS ON PITCHING 



Almost every season makes a slight advance 
in the science of the game from the pitcher's 
standpoint, and it seems as if the game becomes 
more and more a proposition for the pitcher, and 
so too much space cannot be given to that most 
important of positions on a field, which requires 
and demands absolute confidence, coolness, clever- 
ness and speed. 

The best man is not the one who throws the 
fastest ball, but the one who has mastered the 
art of deceiving the batsman. 

It is the business of the modern pitcher to 
study the batter closely and discover his weak 
points, and make them the object of his attack, 
so to speak, and not deliver a series of wild, hap- 
hazard throws and simply trust to luck and the 
outfield. A pitcher's object is to deceive the man 
at the bat, and to induce him to hit at deceptive 
balls, and that is where the curve, the drop, and 
the in-shoot come in. To be a good pitcher, a 
player must have the ability to deliver a great 
variety of balls, so that he will not be batted 
out of the box when his throws are gauged. 



8CIENCE OF BASEBALL 27 

Fielding is another qualification a pitcher should 
cultivate. The balls that come his way from the 
bat are, as a rule, very swift liners or difficult 
grounders. He must think and act quickly, and 
be ready for any emergency. 

The watching of bases must also be taken into 
consideration, and the runners held close. More 
hits will unquestionably be made off the man who 
does this, but the score card will show fewer 
runs. 

A pitcher should throw the ball with a quick 
snap, making as few unnecessary movements as 
possible. Every act should be decisive, and many 
a base runner has come to grief because there was 
an alert pitcher in the box. 

He should pay a great deal of attention to the 
catcher, who is in a position to view the entire 
field, and be on the lookout for signals from him 
as to where the ball should be sent. Many a use- 
less throw can be saved by this and many a run- 
ner may be caught napping. 

He should be in a position to cover, in an emer- 
gency, any base left vacant, in order to catch a 
runner between bases. 

On all throws from the outfield to the home 
plate he should back up the catcher, although it 
may be considered advisable to take the ball him- 
self should the play, in his opinion, call for it. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 



When the ball is hit to him he should make 
up his mind- in an instant what to do, and do it 
promptly, but without haste, which sometimes de- 
feats its own end. 

Never delay, but if the pitcher fields a ball he 
should get it to its destination as quickly and as 
accurately as possible. 

Many a pitcher, with too much confidence, has 
delayed too long, the baseman to whom he has 
thrown the ball has fumbled it, and as a result 
the runner has made the base. 

Above all things, the pitcher is not supposed 
to play an individual game. A team game is what 
counts in successful baseball, and while it is very 
gratifying to make a play for the grand stand, it 
is better for the good of the nine to' work together. 

If the pitcher finds he is being hit freely he 
wants to do what fighters would do — steady him- 
self until he has regained his control and form. 

Pitching means more than the simple act of 
sending the ball across the plate. It means sci- 
ence, and careful study, as well as the art of know- 
ing just what kind of a ball to deliver at a critical 
moment. 

Pitchers have been known to throw a ball so 
close to the man at the bat that it was necessary 
for him to jump out of the way to save himself 
from being hit. The object was to get his nerve 
and make him lose his coolness. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 3* 

The ideal pitcher is the man who plays the game 
with his head, who is ready for every emergency, 
cool, quick, alert, and never caught napping. 

Of course, a big man, for obvious reasons, 
makes a better pitcher than a small man, because 
he has physique to back him ; but that is no rea- 
son why a small man shouldn't make a good 
pitcher. 

It requires incessant practice to master the art, 
but it is well worth the trouble. 

The illustrations shown here regarding the de- 
livery of the ball should be carefully studied and 
conscientiously practiced, and success will surely 
follow. Only practice and experience will teach 
the novice. 




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ROGER BRESNAHAN. 



THE MAN BEHIND THE BAT 



With pitchers studying out new and puzzling 
curves, throwing first fast and then slow, with 
drops, in-shoots, out-shoots, and rising balls, the 
position of catcher becomes trebly important, 
and his work increased accordingly. He must 
have a quick eye, strong hands, and good nerve, 
for all three are necessary to good play in that 
particular- position. 

Even in the most favorable light, the position 
is not an easy one, and it is always in the danger 
zone. 

Many a good catcher has pulled his team out 
of a hole at a critical moment, and has helped the 
pitcher to steady himself. The catcher is the 
man . who is practically in control of the field, 
because his position faces every player, and, con- 
sequently, not a move should escape him. By a 
system of signals he can notify the pitcher of 
every move made by the base runner, and when 
and where to throw a ball to catch a man napping. 
A long reach is almost indispensable for a 
catcher, for by its means he will be the better 
enabled to handle wild pitches which come his 
way. 







CATCHER GIBSON, PfTTSBURG NATIONALS. 



SCIENCE Or BASEBALL. 



A catcher who can hold the balls, no matter 
how fast or erratic they come, is bound to in- 
spire a pitcher with confidence, to say nothing of 
the good effect his work will have upon the rest 
of the team. 

A catcher with weight is bound to have a great 
advantage over a lighter man, because with nerve 
and pounds he will be better enabled to block a 
base runner who is willing to take all kinds of 
chances. He is bound to have nerve, anyhow, if 
he expects to be successful behind the bat, be- 
cause it is a great strain to be compelled to face 
the rapid-fire work of a good pitcher, watch the 
field, look after fouls, and protect the home plate. 

The catcher should never weaken in his work. 
If he is up against a fast, strong pitcher, he must 
take the balls as they come, and" not be afraid of 
them. 

For this the best thing is practice, and keep 
at it. His hands should never be allowed to grow 
soft. The good catcher will let nothing go past 
him ; he must be able to throw accurately, and he 
must have a brain that acts quickly. He must 
watch the bases closely and head off a runner. 

Many a game has been lost by the wild throw 
of a catcher who wasn't well up in the game ; and 
there is no position on the team that calls for 
harder work. 




CLARK GRIFFITH, CINCINNATI CLUB. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 37 

He must be thoroughly familiar with signals, 
and be able to use them in such a manner that 
they will not be learned by any of the opposing 
players. 

There is style in catching, just as there is style 
in anything else. There is a way to stand and a 
place to stand, as well as a way to throw. 

In standing, the body should be bent well for- 
ward from the hips, with the knees straight, or 
almost SO'. The object is to assume such a posi- 
tion that the ball can be readily handled at any 
point from the ground up. 

Don't crouch, but assume an easy position. 

Don't make any more work than is necessary, 
as energy is a good thing to take care of. 

Keep your feet fairly close together — never 
more than 12 inches apart — and always be pre- 
pared for a quick throw. Bear in mind that the 
catcher must be prepared for every kind of an 
emergency, and he must be in form to make a long 
throw, stop a low ball, a high ball, or get to a foul 
at an instant's notice. 

The catcher and the pitcher should thoroughly 
understand each other, and after the signal the 
hands should be held in such a position that the 
batter will not have any reason to suspect which 
kind of a ball is coming at the next throw; so 
never give any of the opposing team any advan- 
tage in that direction. 




HAL CHASE, NEW YORK AMERICANS. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 



The position of the catcher can always be 
changed when the pitcher is ready to deliver the 
ball, and he can then prepare himself to hold it. 

Too much importance cannot be placed upon 
throwing accurately and promptly to the bases, 
and here again is where practice will make the 
good player. One of the best catchers in the 
business has this to say: 

"When about to catch a ball which is to be 
immediately thrown, be in a position to receive 
the ball on the right side ; take one short step 
with the left foot, and in throwing, send the ball 
straight from the shoulder without drawing the 
arm too far back." 

There isn't a great lot of speed in a ball of 
that character, but there is less time spent in start- 
ing it on the way, and that more than equalizes 
matters. 

In making long throws the ball should be sent 
overhand, but in throwing to first and third bases 
the snap throw will be found to be best. 

Don't catch with a stiff arm, as it is liable to 
injure the hands. Relax the muscles and let the 
hands give with the ball. Don't meet it with a 
jolt and increase the strain. 

The good catcher will be careful to keep his 
hands in good condition, and take no chances of 
having them crippled. 

Now a word as to foul flies. 




EDDIE LENNOX, BROOKLYN NATIONALS. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 



It looks easy from the outfield or grand stand 
for a catcher to get under a foul, but it takes a 
quick, alert player to handle them successfully. 
They are usually hit behind him, and it is some- 
times very confusing to have to turn around too 
quickly. But here is where practice comes in 
again, and it doesn't do any harm to practice on 
fouls. 

There have been many arguments as to where 
a catcher should stand when guarding the home 
plate, and there is a considerable difference of 
opinion on this point. Some stand a couple of feet 
back of the line and near the plate, contending 
that this makes it impossible for the runner to 
slide, around them. But the majority seem to 
concede that the proper position is in front of 
the plate and about two feet toward third base. 

Courage is most essential in a catcher's makeup, 
and he must be quick to think and quick to act. 





PITCHER COVALESK.I, PHILADELPHIA NATIONALS. 



PLAYING FIRST BASE. 



There was a time, years agt>, when the posi- 
tion of first baseman was not nearly so important 
as it is to-day, and so the man who defends that 
bag must be a particularly alert player. This may 
be more readily understood when the fact is 
stated that a large percentage of the balls thrown 
go to this point. With more than one man on 
bases his place is liable to be a critical one. 

It is considered good policy to cut off a player 
at third instead of the man who has just been at 
the bat, and who is trying to reach first, but 
the play should be made quickly. There are 
plenty of opportunities to make a double play, but 
many times they end in disaster, and allow the 
man on second base to get to third. So remem- 
ber the old rule — that one out is better than none 
out. 

Watch the man at the bat. 

When the bases are vacant play well into the 
field, in order to get hits that would otherwise 
be safe, and depend upon the pitcher to cover the 
base. In the event of fielding the ball at a short 




JOHN HUMMEL, BROOKLYN NATIONALS, 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 45 

distance from the base, if the pitcher is covering 
it don't make the mistake of a swift overhand 
throw, which is liable to be muffed. 

In case the base is occupied, watch the batter 
closely, and if he bunts the ball toward first, run 
in and get it and throw it to second, on the chance 
that it may be returned promptly enough to head 
off the man who is trying to make first. 

Too much importance cannot be attached to this 
play, which has been adopted by all good first 
basemen. 

But don't hurry. 

Take your time, and make your throw accurate, 
and then get to your base, where you will be ready 
to receive the return throw. 

But before you throw, be sure that you will 
head the runner off. Make a sure-thing play of 
it, and if there should be any doubt about it, bear 
in mind that you can at least put out the batter. 

One of the most essential qualifications of a 
man playing first is his ability to successfully han- 
dle low balls, and a good clean pick up has re- 
tired many a runner at this point. 

A long reach is a good thing for any ball player 
to have, no matter in what position he plays, and 
its advantages in handling wild throws is self- 
evident. It is sometimes a difficult matter for a 
fielder to gauge a long throw, and the best posi- 
tion is to stand with both feet in front of the 




AL BRIDW-ELL, NEW YORK NATIONALS. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 



base, so that the position may be readily changed 
from one side to the other, according as the ball 
may come. 

Foul flies come within the province of the first 
baseman, and in order to handle them he must be 
a speedy sprinter and always on the alert. 

And, finally, go after the ball — never wait for 
it to come to you. 

Above all, don't stand behind your base when 
you expect to be in the play, because there is a 
good chance that the ball will reach you at the 
same time the runner arrives at the base, and he 
will be safe. 

Go forward to meec the ball, if possible, and 
be where you can command control of the bag. 





HUGH JENNINGS, MANAGER DETROITS. 



ON SECOND BASE. 



It requires a cool head for second base, as well 
as a thorough familiarity with the signals, and 
many a man holding down second has brought 
disaster to his side by going up in the air at a 
critical moment. 

Assuming that the first and third bases are oc- 
cupied, and that the man on first is trying to steal 
to second, the man on second will give the signal 
to the catcher for a long throw, while the short 
stop will back him up. 

Then, if the man on third attempts to score, 
a wide-awake second baseman will return the ball 
to the home plate and cut him off. 

Then, assuming that the man on third does not 
try to score, the second baseman will allow the 
ball to go to the short stop, who has temporarily 
covered the base, and put out the runner from 
first to second. 

This is more or less of a trick play, when made 
under these circumstances, in order to induce the 
runner on third base to attempt to score. 




TY COBB, DETROIT AMERICANS. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL S 1 

This play has caused more criticism among the 
experts than any other on the diamond, but it is 
given here in the way it is played by those second 
basemen who rank as. stars. 

Quick judgment is absolutely necessary to this 
position, for with a runner on first, and the ball 
hit out to near him, a man hasn't got a great while 
to think what to do. Here is his chance for a 
double play, which he ought readily to make, if 
he keeps his head. But this, of course, with the 
understanding that no> one, or perhaps one man, 
is out. 

The proper place to stand is just inside of the 
line, two or three feet from the base, unless, of 
course, the runner happens to be a diver or a 
slider, when it is advisable to play behind the 
line. 

The object of playing inside the line is to be 
nearer the ball on a short throw from the catcher, 
and gathering in a grounder quickly. 

A great many flies come to> the second baseman's 
territory, and many of them are extremely diffi- 
cult to handle. He may have to go to center or 
right field, or he may have to run in almost to 
the pitcher. In cases of this kind there is always 
the chance of two men, both after the same ball, 
colliding. To avoid this, if he is reasonably sure 
of getting the fly, he should shout : 

'Til take it r 




FIRST BASEMAN KONETCHY. ST LOUIS NATIONALS. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 



No reply is necessary to this, as the other player 
assumes that everything is all right. 

And then, on the other hand, unless this is done, 
both players may stop running for the ball, each 
one assuming that the other will take it, and both 
will miss it. 

Many an easy fly has proved a safe hit because 
of a misunderstanding between players in the 
field. 

A little practice and experience will soon prove 
to a player whether he can get the ball or 
not, and if his colleague has the better chance, 
he should allow him by all means to take the 
ball. 

Don't try for a grand stand play at the expense 
of the game. 

Don't call out that you will take the ball un- 
less it is almost a certainty that you can take it. 





CAPT. FRED CLARK, PITTSBURG TEAM. 



THE THIRD BASEMAN. 



The third baseman is right in line with some 
of the hardest hits, which it takes no little amount 
of nerve and courage to> face. 

Besides this, he occupies what is considered by 
many experts one of the most difficult positions 
on the diamond. 

When a runner is on third base, the temptation 
to steal home is very great, and here is where the 
third baseman's alertness comes into play. With 
one run needed to win, or tie the score, his posi- 
tion is indeed a trying one, and it frequently hap- 
pens that the game is in his hands. 

A good man on third can make the position a 
comparatively easy one, just the same as a good 
man anywhere can do any kind of work with less 
exertion than one who may be less capable. 

The good man on third will study the peculiari- 
ties of the men at the bat, and become just as fa- 
miliar with them as the pitcher. He will pick 




DICK MORRIS, A CHAMPION PITCHER. 



Science or baseball. 



out the bunters, and try, as far as is possible, to 
anticipate the play. The toughest proposition he 
has to face is the expert with the willow, who is 
not only a scientific batter, but a sprinter of abil- 
ity. 

He must make up his mind that the batter is 
just as clever as he is, and will try and deceive 
him, if possible. 

Such a batter will do all in his power to induce 
the baseman to play in close by pretending to bunt, 
and will then make a safe hit. 

So the man on third who expects to be really 
good in the position must know to a certain extent 
about what is going to happen — in advance. 

He should field all of the easy, slow hits, in- 
stead of the short stop, with whom he must have 
a complete understanding. And as in every other 
position on a nine, team work counts for a great 
deal in the long run. But he shouldn't conflict 
with the short stop by endeavoring to reach a ball 
that ought to be fielded by the latter. 

He should also watch the bases, and when he 
throws the ball, throw it to the right place at the 
right time. 

If it should so happen, as it frequently does, that 
a runner is on first base, and a hit is made to third, 
he should throw the ball to second, from whence 
it will go to first, with two out as the result. But 



8CIENCE OF BASEBALL. 59 

if there is no chance for a double play, he should 
give the throw to second the preference, by all 
means. 

There are many intricacies in this position which 
will soon be mastered by an earnest, intelligent, 
ambitious player, if he will study them. 




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SHORT STOP. 



This means an exceedingly active man, good 
at a sprint, quick to get in action, and just as 
quick to stop; a good and accurate thrower, and. 
the more ability he has to throw a ball the better 
will he be able to support a very trying posi- 
tion. 

He is also an emergency second and third base- 
man, and must be always ready to get to either 
one very quickly when he is wanted. 

The short stop covers a territory in which it 
is very easy for an experienced batter to send 
the ball, and he must, perforce, keep all his wits 
about him. It frequently happens that he will 
have to field the ball on a run. He must then 
make a dead stop and send it to first without de- 
lay. 

The position of short stop offers many oppor- 
tunities for individual star plays, and the work 
of a good man will have no little effect upon the 
score card. 



SCIENCE OF BAttCttAtLi. 63 

And here, again, a word of caution, which 
seems to be particularly appropriate. Don't throw 
the ball until you are sure you are going to get 
it to the hands of the man who is waiting to re- 
ceive it, and don't be over anxious. Wild throws 
and fumbles are inexcusable errors, which should 
never be made. 

Better not throw the ball at all, than throw it 
wild, and give the runner a chance to make an- 
other base, or perhaps score. 

The duty of a short stop includes that of tak- 
ing part in the play when a runner is caught be- 
tween the bases, and he assists the baseman in 
running the player down. Don't make too many 
throws in play. Start off at full speed, and get 
the runner in action, and then make the throw to 
the fielder who is in front of the man. A few 
throws will generally do the trick, and a lot of 
surplus energy will be saved. 

The short stop should thoroughly familiarize 
himself with the system of signals of the team, 
especially those which are used between the catch- 
er and the first and second basemen, so that he 
will be informed of approaching plays, and be 
able to back them up promptly and effectively. 

He is supposed to be an all-around man, and 
he is ; and his business is to help the other play- 
ers on the team whenever and wherever it is pos- 
sible to do so. 



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AT THE BAT. 



In many games the batting tells the story, and 
while a player may be a star in almost any posi- 
tion on the nine, yet 1 he is liable to be weak when 
at the bat. 

The way to learn how to handle the bat is to 
go up against a good pitcher and try and hit him. 
Practice is everything, but in batting there is a 
great deal more to be learned than would seem 
at first glance. The veriest tyro can take a ball 
and a bat and knock flies and grounders, and he 
can become so proficient that he will be able to 
send the sphere a long distance. But put him up 
against a good pitcher, and he will fan the air for 
a few minutes and then go and take a seat on 
the bench and give somebody else a chance. 

So to all baseball players this advice is given: 

Learn how to bat pitched balls, and train the 
eye to follow the ball and gauge it accurately. 

There are very few young men who, if they hit 
a ball fairly, cannot send it a great distance ; they 
have muscle enough for that, so that it isn't a ques- 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 67 

tion of strength alone; but the thing is to hit it, 
and the science of it all is to put it in a good safe 
spot, whether it is in the infield or the outfield. 

And now assume that the game has begun, and 
you are at the bat. Don't be in a hurry; there 
is plenty of time. Watch the pitcher, and when 
he delivers the ball shift your eyes to it. 

Stand firm, with the legs, not too far apart, and 
within easy reaching distance of the plate. 

Be confident. 

Don't let the pitcher get your nerve. 

When the pitcher is about to deliver the ball 
be prepared to meet it, and try and make up your 
mind whether it is a fast ball or a slow ball. 

Study his delivery, and try to discover what he 
is going to do next. 

Rather let a ball go and have a strike, than 
miss it, because nothing is so discouraging as to 
hit at a ball and miss it. The weight should be 
on the forward foot, and once the ball has been 
started don't attempt to change your position, and 
don't make a wild swing or reach for it. 

A trained eye and close calculation will do more 
for the man at the bat than the muscles of San- 
dow ; and be careful not to take a long step on the 
spur of the moment in going after what seems 
an easy ball. Keep all the advantage of height 
in order to bat a moderately high ball. 



SCIENCE OP BASEBALL. 69 



The secret of a long hit is not muscle ; it's knack. 
It lies in the hitting of the ball at precisely the 
proper moment, with a sharp, quick stroke, and 
adding to it the impetus given by the shoulders. 

It isn't necessary to swing hard, either ; in fact, 
in many cases, it is a fatal error, and it robs the 
batter of his judgment of distance and accuracy. 

Don't look for a home run. The base hit is 
what pulls the batting average up. 

Study the field, and master the ability to send 
the ball into a certain territory, rather than to try 
and send it a great distance; and don't forget 
that flies are fatal to the batter in many instances. 

It is conceded that the bat should hit the ball 
not more than six inches from the end. 

The weight of the bat doesn't make a very great 
difference — that is at the option of the player. 

It is a hard matter to define just how the bat 
should be held, because many good players have 
their own opinion on this subject; but you will not 
be very far out of the way if you keep the hands 
slightly apart, and in a position that the bat may 
be readily and easily handled. 

One of the most important things to learn is 
scientific hitting. For this the hands should be 
much further apart, and the player should lean 
forward and wait for a low ball, which is the 
best for this purpose. The trouble with a high 







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NAPOLEON LAJOIE OF BATTING FAME. 



SCIENCE Or BASEBALL. 



ball is that the batter is liable to pop up an easy 
fly, which can be easily caught by the infield. 

The ability to place a ball in any certain terri- 
tory — it should be called an art — cannot be over- 
estimated, and too much attention cannot be given 
to it. 

This particular chapter is one of the most im- 
portant in this book, because it applies to all play- 
ers, no matter what their positions on the nine 
may be. Every man has to bat, while only two 
or three have to pitch, or occupy certain posi- 
tions on the field. 

And, above all, be confident. 

Don't be afraid of being hit with the ball. Re- 
member you are about to engage in a contest in 
which you will have nine men against you, and 
you have every chance of winning, notwithstand- 
ing the apparently unequal odds. 

For the batter, confidence is half the game ; and 
he shouldn't fear a pitched ball; the fact of be- 
ing hit by a ball shouldn't get a man's nerve. It's 
all in the game, and if a player is enthusiastic over 
the great national game he will be willing to take 
the few hard knocks that go with it. 

If your eyes are at all bad, don't play ball, for 
you will never succeed. Every ball player needs 
two good eyes, and he must use them all the 
time, and more especially when he is at the bat. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 



Nothing will so rattle a man as a wild pitcher, 
especially one who delivers a speedy ball, and 
many pitchers throw wild occasionally in order to 
make a batter nervous. But wait until the ball 
comes that you want. Make up your mind that 
you want to hit the ball if the opportunity offers, 
and don't hope and expect to be sent to your base 
on balls. Don't play a mechanic's game, but play 
for the love of the sport. 

The player who stands in the correct position 
at the plate will not often be hit, because he will 
be able to dodge and side step readily. 

When a player is at the bat, the only thing he 
has to consider is the ball, as it comes from the 
pitcher, and he shouldn't shrink back every time 
a fast ball comes near him. The man who can- 
not face a speedy ball shouldn't attempt to play the 
game seriously. 

Brains are just as necessary in playing ball as 
they are in business, and a man must think, and 
use them. 

Study the game, and bear in mind that a good 
man at the bat is a good man on any nine. 



THE OUTFIELDERS. 



The player who is a good outfielder is a valu- 
able and important addition to any team. His 
motto should be, "Don't wait, but get there." 

There are two essential qualifications, and they 
must be well developed — a strong arm and the 
ability to sprint. 

Of course, it is understood that a fielder must 
possess other good points, but these come first, and 
without them he might as well try some other po- 
sition, for he will never make a success in the 
field. 

Practice and good judgment will tell the story, 
for a man never knows what he can do until he 
tries. 

It isn't everyone who can get under a fly and 
hold it, or who' can field a bounding grounder and 
throw it accurately and swiftly to the proper base. 

The fielder must think quick and act quick. He 
must take the sun and the wind into considera- 
tion, as well as the nature of the ground upon 
which he is working. A slight inequality will 
often divert the course of a grounder that would 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 



otherwise come his way, and he must allow for 
that. 

He should know, the instant the ball is hit by 
the batter, just about where it will go, and he 
should not confine himself to too small a terri- 
tory. 

Fielding alone will not win a game, but if suc- 
cessfully done its influence will be shown on the 
score of the opposing team. 

Don't hold the ball, but throw it at once to the 
proper place, and be accurate about it, too, for 
a wild throw from the outfield is usually disas- 
trous, and gives the runner a chance to advance. 

It is a good rule for the center fielder, as well 
as the left fielder, to throw to second base, if there 
is a man on first, and to throw to third if there is 
a man on second. 

With the right fielder it is different, but it is 
too long a throw to third from where he would 
probably field the ball, and with a man on first 
his play would be to send the ball to second ; and 
with no men on bases, to throw it to first. 

Another point for fielders is that the fielders 
should not interfere with each other. Go for the 
ball if you have any kind of a chance to get it, 
and if you are reasonably sure you can handle it, 
announce the fact as you are running. If not, 
it is just as well to call to any of the other fielders 
who may be going for it, "You take it 1" 



SCIENCE OP BASEBALL. 



This not only prevents confusion, but prevents 
the possibility of the ball dropping uncaught be- 
tween two players, which has been known to oc- 
cur. 

A good fielder will know as soon as a ball is 
hit just about where it will go, especially if it is 
a long fly ; and if he is a good man, and he judges 
the fly will go over him, he will not keep backing 
and stumbling, but he will instantly gauge it, and, 
turning his back on it, will run to the place where 
he expects it will land. Here is where speed 
comes in, for the sooner he reaches the desired 
point the more time he will have to get directly 
under it in its drop. 

But such work as this can come only from 
long practice. It is worth the while in the end, 
and it will more than repay the ambitious ball 
player. Of course, it is easier to run in for a ball 
than out for it, but batters do not hit a ball to be 
caught, and the conscientious fielder will find that 
there is plenty of work cut out for him. 

In fielding a grounder, don't wait until it comes 
to you, but go after it, and get it, if possible, on 
a short bound. 

Always back up the play of another fielder. No 
man is infallible, and he is liable to miss a ball ; 
but with two men the chances of missing are mini- 
mized, and besides, it will serve to make the run- 
ners stick to their bases a little closer. 



76 8CIENCE OF BASEBALL. 

Another thing: a man who is backed up will 
have more confidence in his work. 

Good support is invaluable in every part of the 
game of baseball. 

Help each other, and remember, again, that good 
team work will tell in the long run. 




CONCERNING BASE RUNNING 



Every man who has a pair of legs, and who 
knows how to use them, is not a good base run- 
ner. Base running has come to be an art, and 
it is only second in importance to batting. As- 
suming that a man can bat out a good safe ball, 
but allows himself to be caught at first, second, 
or third, he isn't as good on the team as the one 
who by dint of hard work manages to land a base 
hit and then, either by trickery or speed, or clever- 
ness, or all combined, manages to score. 

Excellence in base running has come to be rec- 
ognized, and the true lover of the game will al- 
ways be at work trying to deceive the fielders as 
well as the battery. But one thing is certain, and 
that is that it calls for a combination of all the 
qualities that go toward making a successful ball 
player. The man who is a sprinter, and who> is 
daring, and has courage, a cool head, and clear 
judgment, will need it all when he is running 
bases. Of course, on a long safe hit, any heavy- 
footed pedestrian can amble from first to second, 



78 8CIENCE OF BASEBALL 

or from second to third, and eventually make his 
way home and score; but that isn't baseball, any 
more than owning a couple of bats makes a man 
a crack batter. 

To be able to get away quickly is of very great 
value, as seconds count in running bases. There 
are 90 feet from base to base, and there is plenty 
of time to put a man out. 

A runner is supposed to depend a lot on the 
advice of the coach, but he must also use his own 
brains. 

The man he has to deceive is the catcher, who 
is watching him all the time, and he has got to 
beat the ball nine times out of ten. Here is 
where the speed comes in. 

The best advice a coach can give is often wast- 
ed on a runner who is not quick enough to act 
on it. 

Get away — when you do get away — in a hurry, 
and keep going. 

A coach is supposed to' be a good, alert man, 
but he is not perfect, any more than any other 
man is, and it often happens that a base runner 
will lose his chance while waiting for the cue to 
get off. 

He who hesitates is lost applies especially to a 
man running the bases; and here is where good 
judgment comes in. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 79 

The runner should not announce his intentions 
by his actions, but he should always try to get 
the catcher off his guard. 

The man who invariably keeps well off from 
his base, and who is kept running and sliding 
back to it by the alertness of the pitcher, will 
eventually be worn out by his exertions, and when 
the time does come to run will have lost his abil- 
ity to sprint. 

Don't go through any unnecessary gymnastics, 
but make every move count. A runner who* is 
not well up in the game will often make three or 
four false starts in the hope of inducing the catch- 
er to throw to second, but a wary man behind 
the bat is never deceived by any such antics. 

The pitcher is bound to keep his eye on a run- 
ner who is on first base, even though his surveil- 
lance is not apparent, and he can hold a man 
fairly close to> the bag. But that will not prevent 
a good runner from stealing to second, which he 
ought to do as soon as the opportunity presents 
itself, and leave first open for the man at the 
bat. 

But the base runner must assume that the pitch- 
er and catcher are both working against him as 
well as the first and second basemen. It is a case 
of four to one, and to> win out he must not only 
use his feet, but his brains, wits, and good judg- 
ment as well. 



80 SCIENCE OP BASEBALL. 

A man should train for base running just as he 
should train for anything else, and he should de- 
vote a great deal of his time to quick starts and 
I oo-yard sprints at top speed. Very often, while 
on first, there will be a two-bagger knocked out 
from the plate, and that means he will have to 
go over 1 80 feet at his best pace. Then, in the 
event of a wild throw, he has ninety feet more 
to cover to score. If he isn't in good condition, 
those ninety feet will seem very long, and in the 
end he may find the catcher waiting for him with 
the ball. 

Volume No. 2 of Fox's Athletic Library con- 
tains a series of illustrated breathing exercises, 
which every player will find of great benefit, and 
he can do no better than practice them to get 
and keep his wind in good condition. 

In training for baseball, the young athlete is 
advised not to do any very heavy work that will 
tend to make him muscle-bound, if he wants to 
develop speed. The man who can lift 300 pounds 
can't throw a ball with the same vim and snap 
as a man whose muscles have been cultivated for 
speed. It is the same with boxers. Compare the 
lightning-like Jim Corbett with muscle-bound 
Tom Sharkey, and the difference will readily be 
noted. 



SLIDING TO BASE. 

BY HARRY BAY, CLEVELAND, A. L. 

Comparatively few players are able to master 
base sliding, for obvious reasons. There are two 
ways of doing it — head first, and feet first. The 
latter is the more successful, as a rule. In the first 
place, the spiked shoes that he wears are liable 
to injure the legs of the man on the base, and 
the latter well knows it, and he will be a little 
more careful than if the runner came on head 
first. 

There is no question but that the sliding run- 
ner will often save his base, especially if he is 
able to throw his body one side, in order to es- 
cape the baseman. 

But a runner should not adopt and adhere to 
any particular style. He must vary it according 
to the exigencies of the case. He must study 
out the possibilities. When he starts he should 
have but one object in view, and that is to gain 
the base he is heading for. 

Don't watch the ball, and pay no attention to 
anything but the base. Don't turn your head to 
look either sideways or behind, as it is bound to 
result in loss of speed ; and he shouldn't slide un- 
less his pants are properly padded. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 



One point suggests itself here in regard to base 
stealing, and it is this: There are times when 
it would be folly to try to steal a base, and those 
are the times when runs are needed to tie a score 
or win a game. There are times to take chances, 
and there are times to play cautious, as the play- 
er's own discernment and experience will suggest ; 
and team work is to be considered before every- 
thing else. 

Work for the good of the team at all times. 

The ideal base runner is the man who is al- 
ways on the alert to take instant advantage of the 
errors of his opponents. When the team is bat- 
ting good and strong, the runner will not have 
to take so many chances as when his side at the 
bat is hitting them weak; and here again comes 
the question of good judgment. 

Never forget that a good start is everything. 

Stealing bases is bound to have its effect on 
the average pitcher, and make him more or less 
nervous, and it doesn't inspire the fielders with 
confidence, either. 

But it is a difficult — in fact, an impossible — 
matter to lay out plays in a book, and the man 
who really wants to learn to play the game right 
must use his head, and study out many of the 
problems. 



<^CexAA>± 



6.Q 



1 



ON BUNTING. 

BY WILLIE KEELER, NEW YORK, A. L. 

Although this chapter should come under the 
head of batting, yet it is strong enough and im- 
portant enough to have a place of its own. It 
has to-day become a distinct feature, and the man 
who knows the science of bunting is a valuable 
acquisition on any team, no matter what his other 
qualifications may be. 

The man who bunts the ball can usually place 
it in any territory he desires, for the simple rea- 
son that he is better able to gauge an easy hit 
than if he were going to slug. 

And it is important that the bunter should know 
just when to bunt and where to put the ball, in 
order that it may do the most good. 




WUA^ 




MATHEWSON, THE PHENOMENAL PITCHER. 



SPECIAL NOTICE 

There have been some changes made in 
the rules since this volume was made up, 
but the majority of them only affect the 
games of the major leagues, and are of no 
importance whatever in an average game. 

Rule 32 — To this rule is added the paragraph that a 
ball is unfairly delivered, if, while the bases are occu- 
pied, either foot of the pitcher is not in contact with 
the pitcher's plate. 

Rule 33 — A new section says that if a pitcher is taken 
from the game the substitute shall continue to pitch 
until the batsman has either been put out or has 
reached first base. 

Rule 36 — Other reasons for a ball not being in play 
are when it is illegally batted ; a balk ; interference with 
the fielder or batsman or when it strikes a base runner 
or umpire before touching a fielder. 

Rule 39 — Add to this rule that the batting order must 
be on the score card. 

Rule 50 — The words "foul strike" are taken out and 
the words "illegally batted ball" are substituted. 

Rule 54 — Add to Section 1 that the batsman is entitled 
to a base "if a fair ball strikes the person or clothing 
of the umpire or a base runner on fair ground." 

Rule 55, Section 6 — Returning to Bases — If the um- 
pire be struck by a fair hit ball before touching a 
fielder in which case no base shall be run unless neces- 



sitated by the batsman becoming a base runner, and no 
runs shall be scored unless all the bases are occupied. 
Sec. 7 — If the umpire declare the batsman or another 
base runner out for interference. 

Rule 54 — Add Entitled to Bases — If a thrown or 
pitched ball strike the person or clothing of any umpire 
on foul ground the ball shall be considered in play and 
the base runner or runners shall be entitled to all the 
bases they can make. 

Rule 56— Strike out Section 20. 

Rule 60 — This rule has been amended so as to provide 
for two umpires, to be known as the Umpire-in-Chief 
and the Field Umpire. The former shall take up a 
position back of the catcher and shall render all except 
base decisions, except in the following cases: (1) If 
the ball is hit fair, with a runner on first, he must go 
to third base to take a possible decision. (2) With 
more than one base occupied he shall decide whether 
or not a runner on third leaves that base before a fly 
ball is caught. (3) In case of a runner being caught 
between third and home, when more than one base is 
occupied, he shall make the decision on the runner 
nearest the home plate. Sec. 4 — He alone shall have 
authority to declare a game forfeited. 

The Field Umpire shall have equal authority with 
the Umpire-in-Chief of fining or removing from the 
game players who violate these rules. 

Rule 63 — There shall be no appeal from the decision 
of either umpire, and no decision by him shall be re- 
versed, except that he be convinced that he is in viola- 
tion of one of these rules. The captain alone shall have 
the right to protest against a decision and seek its 



reversal on the ground that it is in conflict with a 
section of these rules. 

Rule 64 — If but one umpire be assigned, his duties 
and jurisdiction shall extend to all points, and he shall 
be permitted to take his stand in any part of the field 
that in his opinion will best enable him to discharge 
his duties. 

Rule 65 — Under no circumstances shall a captain or 
player dispute the accuracy of the umpire's judgment 
and decision on a play. 

Rule 72 — Section 1 — Before the commencement of a 
game the umpire shall see that the rules governing all 
the materials of the game are strictly observed. 

Section 2. — In case of spectators overflowing on the 
playing field the home captain shall make special ground 
rules to cover balls batted or thrown in the crowd, pro- 
vided such rules be acceptable to the captain of the 
visiting club. If the latter object the umpire shall have 
full authority to make and enforce such special rules, 
and he shall announce the same to the spectators. 

Section 3. — In all cases where there are no spectators 
on the playing field and where a thrown ball goes into 
a stand for spectators or over or through any fence 
surrounding the playing field, or into the player's bench, 
whether the ball rebounds into field or not, the runner 
or runners shall be entitled to two bases. The umpire, 
in awarding such bases, shall be governed by the posi- 
tion of the runner or runners at the time the throw 
is made. 

Rule 85 — In Section 7 the addition is made that an 
assist should be given to each player who handles the 
ball in aiding a run-out or any other play of the kind, 



even though he complete the play by making the put- 
out. The following, paragraph is added to Section 8 of 
the same rule : In event of a fielder dropping a fly, but 
recovering the ball in time to force a batter at another 
base, he shall be exempted from an error, the play being 
scored as a "force-out." 

Section 10 of the same rule is interesting because it 
defines a wild pitch and a passed ball. It says : 

A wild piteri is a legally delivered ball, so high, low, 
or wide of the plate that the catcher cannot or does 
not stop and control it with ordinary effort, and as a 
result the batsman, who becomes a base runner, reaches 
first base, or a base runner advances. 

A passed ball is a legally delivered ball that the 
catcher should hold or control with ordinary effort, but 
his failure to do so enables the batsman, who becomes 
a base runner on such pitched ball, to reach first base, 
or a base runner to advance. 



RULES. 



Rule 1. The Ball Ground. 

The ball ground must be enclosed. To obviate the 
necessity for ground rules, the shortest distance from a 
fence or stand on fair territory to the home base should 
be 235 feet and from home base to the grandstand 
90 feet. 

Rule 2. To Lay Off the Field. 

To lay off the lines defining the location of the several 
bases, the catcher's and the pitcher's position and to 
establish the boundaries required in playing the game of 
baseball, proceed as follows : 

Diamond or Infield. 

From a point, A, within the grounds, project a 
straight line out into the field, and at a point, B, 154 feet 
from point A, lay off lines B C and B D at right angles 
to the line A B ; then, with B as a center and 63.63945 
feet as a radius, describe arcs cutting the lines B A at F 
and B C at G, B D at H and B E at I. Draw lines 
F G, G E, E H, and H F, which said lines shall be the 
containing lines of the Diamond or Infield. 

Rule 3. The Catcher's Lines. 

With F as a center and 10 feet radius, describe an arc 
cutting line F A at L, and draw lines L M and L O at 
right angles to F A, and continue same out from F A 
not less than 10 feet. 

Rule 4. The Foul Lines. 

From the intersection point, F, continue the straight 
lines F G and F H until they intersect the lines L M 
and L O, and then from the points G and H in the oppo- 
site direction until they reach the boundary lines of the 
ground, and said lines shall be clearly visible from any 
part of the diamond and no wood or other hard sub- 
stance shall be used in the construction of said lines. 






86 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 

Bule 5. The Players' Lines. 

With F as center and 50 foot radius, describe arcs 
cutting lines F O and F M at P and Q; then, with F 
as center again and 75 feet radius, describe arcs cutting 
F G and F H at R and S ; then, from the points P, Q, 
R and S draw lines at right angles to the lines F O, 
F M, F G and F H, and continue the same until they 
intersect at the points T and W. 

Bule 6. The Coacher's lanes. 

With R and S as centers and 15 feet radius, describe 
arcs cutting the lines R W and S T at X and Y, and 
from the points X and Y draw lines parallel with the 
lines F H and F G, and continue same out to the boun- 
dary lines of the ground. 

Rule 7. The Three-foot Line. 

With F as a center and 45 feet radius, describe an arc 
cutting the line F G at 1, and from 1 to the distance of 
three feet draw a line at right angles to F G, and 
marked point 2 ; then from point 2, draw a line parallel 
with the line F G to a point three feet beyond the point 
G, marked 3 ; then from the point 3 draw a line at right 
angles to line 2, 3, back to and intersecting with F G, 
and from thence back along the line G F to point 1. 

Bule 8. The Batsman's Lines. 

On either side of the line A F B describe two paral- 
lelograms six feet long and four feet wide (marked 8 
and 9), their longest side being parallel with the line 
A F B, their distance apart being six inches added to 
each end of the length of the diagonal of the square 
within the angle F, and the center of their length being 
on said diagonal. 

Bule 9. The Pitcher's Plate. 

Section i. With point F as center and 60.5 feet as 
radius, describe an arc cutting the line F B at line 4, 
and draw a line 5, 6, passing through point 4 and ex- 
tending 12 inches on either side of line F B ; then with 
line 5, 6, as a side, describe a parallelogram 24 inches 
by 6 inches, in which shall be located the pitcher's plate. 

Sec. 2. The pitcher's plate shall not be more than 15 
inches higher than the base lines or the home plate, 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 



87 



which shall be level with the surface of the field, and 
the slope from the pitcher's plate to every base line and 
the home plate shall be gradual. 

Rule 10. The Bases. 

Section i. Within the angle F, describe a five-sided 
figure, two of the sides of which shall coincide with the 
lines F G and F H to the extent of 12 inches each, 
thence parallel with the line F B 8}4 inches to the points 
X and Y, a straight line between which, 17 inches, will 
form the front of the home base or plate. 

Sec. 2. Within the angles at G, I and H describe 
squares, whose sides are 15 inches in length, two of 
such sides of which squares shall lie along the lines F 
G and G I, G I and I H, I H and H F, which squares 
shall be the location of the first, second and third bases 
respectively. 
Rule 11. 

The Home Base at F and the Pitcher's Plate at 4 
must each be of whitened rubber, and so fixed in the 
ground as to be even with its surface. 

Rule 12. 

The First Base at G, the Second Base at E, and the 
Third Base at H must each be a white canvas bag 
filled with soft material and securely fastened in place 
at the point specified in Rule 10. 
Rule 13. 

The lines described in Rules 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 must 
be marked with lime, chalk or other white material, 
easily distinguishable from the ground or grass. 
Rule 14. The Ball. 

Section i. The ball must weigh not less than five nor 
more than five and one quarter ounces avoirdupois, and 
measure not less than nine nor more than nine and one-quar- 
ter inches in circumference. A league ball must be used in 
all games played under these rules. 



°° SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 

Sec. 2. Two regulation balls of the make adopted by 
the league of which the contesting clubs are members 
shall be delivered by the home club to the umpire at or 
before the hour for the commencement of a champion- 
ship game. If the ball placed in play be batted or 
thrown out of the grounds or into one of the stands for 
spectators or, in the judgment of the umpire, becomes 
unfit for play from any cause, the umpire shall at once 
deliver the alternate ball to the pitcher and another legal 
ball shall be supplied to him, so that he shall at all 
times have in his control one or more alternate balls. 
Provided, however, that all balls batted or thrown out 
of the ground or into a stand, shall when returned to the 
field be given into the custody of the umpire immediately 
and become alternate balls, and so long as he has in his 
possession two or more alternate balls, he shall not call 
for a new ball to replace one that has gone out of play. 
The alternate balls shall become the ball in play in the 
order in which they were delivered to the umpire. 

Sec. 3. Immediately upon the delivery to him of the 
alternate ball by the umpire, the pitcher shall take his 
position and on the call of "Play," by the umpire, it 
shall become the ball in play. Provided, however, that 
play shall not be resumed with the alternate ball when 
a fair batted ball or a ball thrown by a fielder goes out 
of the ground or into a stand for spectators until the 
base-runners have completed the circuit of the bases 
unless compelled to stop at second or third base, in 
compliance with a ground rule. 

Discolored or Damaged Balls. 
Sec. 4." In the event of a ball being intentionally 
discolored by rubbing it with the soil or otherwise by 
any player or otherwise damaged by 

any player, the umpire shall, upon appeal by the captain 
of the opposite side, forthwith demand the return of the 
ball and substitute for it another legal ball as herein- 
before described ; and impose a fine of five dollars upon 
the offending player. 

Home Club to Provide Balls. 

Sec. 5. In every game the balls played with shall be 
furnished by the home club, and the last in play shall 



SCIENCE OP BASEBALL 



8 9 



become the property of the winning club. Each ball 
shall be enclosed in a paper box, which must be sealed 
with the seal of the Secretary of the League and bear his 
certificate that he has examined, measured and weighed 
the ball contained therein, and that it is of the required 
standard in all respects. The seal shall not be broken 
by the umpire except in the presence of the captains of 
the contesting teams after "Play" has been called. 

Reserve Balls on Field. 

Sec. 6. The home club shall have at least a dozen 
regulation balls on the field during each championship 
game, ready for use on the call of the umpire. 

Rule 15. The Bat. 

The bat must be round, not over two and three-fourths 
inches in diameter at the thickest part, nor more than 42 
inches in length and entirely of hardwood, except that 
for a distance of 18 inches from the end twine may be 
wound or a granulated substance applied to the handle. 

Rule 16. Number of Players in a Game. 

The players of each club actively engaged in a game 
at one time shall be nine in number, one of whom shall 
act as captain; and in no case shall more or less than 
nine men be allowed to play on a side in a game. 

Rule 17. Positions of the Players. 

The players may be stationed, at any points of the field 
their captain may elect, regardless of their respective 
positions, except that the pitcher, while in the act of 
delivering the ball to the bat, must take his position as 
defined in Rules 9 and 30 ; and the catcher must be with- 
in the lines of his position as defined in Rule 3 and 
within 10 feet of home base, whenever the pitcher dc 
livers the ball to the bat. 

Rule 18. Must Not Mingle with Spectators. 

Players in uniform shall not be permitted to occupy 
seats in the stands, or to mingle with the spectators. 

Rule 19. Uniforms of Players. 

Every club shall adopt two uniforms for its players, 
one to be worn in games at home and the other in games 



9° SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 

abroad, and the suits of each of the uniforms of a team 
shall conform in color and style. No player who shad 
attach anything to the sole or heel of his shoe other than 
the ordinary baseball shoe plate, or who shall appear in 
a uniform not conforming to the suits of the other mem- 
bers of his team, shall be permitted to play. 

Rule 20. Size and Weight of Gloves. 

The catcher or first baseman may wear a glove or mitt 
of any size, shape or weight. Every other player is re- 
stricted to the use of a glove or mitt weighing not over 
10 ounces and not over 14 inches around the palm. 

Rule 21. Players' Benches. 

Section i. Players' benches must be furnished by 
the home club and placed upon a portion of the ground 
not less than twenty-five (25) feet outside of the play- 
ers' lines. One such bench shall be for the exclusive 
use of the visiting team and the other for the exclusive 
use of the home team. Each bench must be covered 
with a roof and closed at the back and each end; a 
space, however, not more than six (6) inches wide 
may be left under the roof for ventilation. All players 
and substitutes of the side at bat must be seated on their 
team's bench, except the batsman, base-runners and 
such as are legally assigned to coach base-runners. 
Under no circumstances shall the umpire permit any 
person except the players and substitutes in uniform and 
the manager of the team to be seated on the bench. 

Penalty for Violation. 

Sec. 2. Whenever the umpire observes a violation of 
the preceding section he shall immediately order such 
player or .players as have disregarded it to be seated. 
If the order be not obeyed within one minute, the of- 
fending players shall be fined $5 each by the umpire. 
If the order be not obeyed then within one minute, the 
offending player or players shall be barred from further 
participation in the game and shall be obliged forthwith 
to leave the playing field. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 



91 



Rule 22. A Regulation Game. 

Every championship game must be commenced not 
later than two hours before sunset and shall continue 
until each team has had nine innings, provided, however, 
that the game shall terminate: 

(1) If the side at bat scores less runs in nine innings 
than the other side has scored in eight innings. 

(2) If the side last at bat in the ninth inning scores 
the winning run before the third man is out. 

Sec. 3. If the game be called by the umpire on ac- 
count of darkness, rain, fire, panic or for other cause 
which puts patrons or players in peril. 
Rule 23. Extra-Inning: Games. 

If the score be a tie at the end of the nine (9) innings 
for each team, play shall be continued until one side has 
scored more runs than the other in an equal number of 
innings, provided, that if the side last at bat score the 
winning run before the third man is out in any inning 
after the ninth, the game shall terminate. 
Rule 24. Drawn Games. 

A drawn game shall be declared by the umpire if the 
score is equal on the last even inning played, when he 
terminates play, in accordance with Rule 22, Section 3, 
after five or more equal innings have been played by each 
team. But if the side that went second to bat is at the 
bat when the game is terminated, and has scored the 
same number of runs as the other side, the umpire shall 
declare the game drawn without regard to the score of 
the last equal inning. 
Rule 25. Called Games. 

If the umpire calls a game in accordance with Rule 
22, Section 3, at any time after five innings have been 
completed, the score shall be that of the last equal in- 
nings played, except that if the side second at bat shall 
have scored in an unequal number of innings, or before 
the completion of the unfinished inning, at least one 
run more than the side first at bat, the score of the 
game shall be the total number of runs each team has 
made. 

Rule 26. Forfeited Games. 

A forfeited game shall be declared by the umpire in 
favor of the club not in fault in the following cases : 



9 a 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 



Section i. If the team of a club fail to appear upon 
the field, or being upon the field, refuse to begin a game 
for which it is scheduled or assigned, within five min- 
utes after the umpire has called "Play" at the hour for 
the beginning of the game, unless such delay in appear- 
ing, or in commencing the game, be unavoidable. 

Sec. 2. If, after the game has begun, one side refuse 
to continue to play, unless the game has been suspended 
or terminated by the umpire. 

Sec. 3. If, after play has been suspended by the 
umpire, one side fails to resume playing in one minute 
after the umpire has called "Play." 

Sec. 4. If a team employ tactics palpably designed to 
delay the game. 

Sec. 5. If, after warning by the umpire, any one of 
the rules of the game be wilfully and persistently vio- 
lated. 

Sec. 6. If the order for the removal of a player, as 
authorized by Rules 21, 58 and 64, be not obeyed within 
one minute. 

Sec. 7. If, because of the removal of players from 
the game by the umpire, or for any cause, there be less 
than nine players on either team. 

Sec. 8. If, when two games are scheduled to be 
played in one afternoon, the second game be not com- 
menced within ten minutes of the time of the completion 
of the first gam'e. The umpire of the first game shall be 
the timekeeper. 

Sec. q. In case the umpire declare the game forfeited, 
he shall transmit a written report thereof to the presi- 
dent of the League within twenty-four hours thereafter. 
However, a failure on the part of the umpire to so notify 
the president shall not affect the validity of his award 
of the game by forfeiture. 

Rule 27. No Game. 

"No game" shall be declared by the umpire if he ter- 
minates play in accordance with Rule 22, Section 3, 
before five innings are completed by each team. Pro- 
vided, however, that if the club second at bat shall have 
made more runs at the end of its fourth inning than 
the club first at bat has made in five completed in- 
nings of a game so terminated, the umpire shall award 
the game to the club having made the greater number 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 93 

of runs, and it shall count as a legal game in the cham- 
pionship record. 

Rule 28. Substitutes. 

Section i. Each side shall be required to have pres- 
ent on the field during a championship game a suffi- 
cient number of substitute players in uniform, conform- 
ing to the suits worn by their team-mates, to carry out 
the provisions of this code which requires that not less 
than nine players shall occupy the field in any inning 
of the game. 

Sec. 2. Any such substitute may at any stage of the 
game take the place of a player, whose name is in his 
team's batting order, but the player whom he succeeds 
shall not thereafter participate in that game. 

Sec. 3. A base-runner shall not have another player 
whose name appears in the batting order of his team run 
for him except by the consent of the captain of the other 
team. 
Rule 29. Choice of Innings —Fitness of Field for Play. 

The choice of innings shall be given to the captain 
of the home club, who shall be the sole judge of the 
fitness of the ground for beginning a game after a rain ; 
but, after play has been called by the umpire, he alone 
shall be the judge as to the fitness of the ground for 
resuming play after the game has been suspended on 
account of rain. 



THE PITCHING RULES. 



Rule 30. Delivery of the Ball to the Bat. 

Preliminary to pitching, the pitcher shall take his 
position facing the batsman with both feet squarely on 
the ground and in front of the pitcher's plate; and in 
the act of delivering the ball to the bat he must keep 
one foot in contact with the pitcher's plate defined in. 
Rule 9. He shall not raise either foot until in the act 
of delivering the ball to the bat, nor make more than 
one step in such delivery. 
Rule 31. A Fairly Delivered Ball. 

A fairly delivered ball is a ball pitched or thrown to 
the bat by the pitcher while standing in his position and 
facing the batsman ; that passes over any portion of the 



94 SCICNCE OF BASEBALL 

home base before touching the ground, not lower than 
the batsman's knee, nor higher than his shoulder. For 
every such fairly delivered ball, the umpire shall call 
one strike. 
Rule 32. An Unfairly Delivered Ball. 

An unfairly delivered ball is a ball delivered to the 
bat by the pitcher while standing in his position and 
facing the batsman, that does not pass over any portion 
of the home base between the batsman's shoulder and 
knee, or that touches the ground before passing home 
base unless struck at by the batsman. For every un- 
fairly delivered ball the umpire shall call one ball. A 
ball that hits the ground in front of the plate is not a 
strike under any circumstances. 
Rule 33. Delaying the Game. 

Section i. If, after the batsman be standing in his 
proper position ready to strike at a pitched ball, the ball 
be thrown by the pitcher to any player other than the 
catcher when in the catcher's lines and within io feet of 
the home base (except in an attempt to retire a base- 
runner), each ball so thrown shall be called a ball. 

Sec. 2. The umpire shall call a ball on the pitcher 
each time he delays the game by failing to deliver the 
ball to the batsman for a longer period than 20 seconds, 
excepting that at the commencement of each inning, 
or when a pitcher relieves another, he may occupy one 
minute in delivering not to exceed five balls to catcher 
or infielder, during which time play shall be suspended. 
Rule 34. Balking. 

A balk shall be : 

Section I. Any motion made by the pitcher while 
in position to deliver the ball to the bat without deliver- 
ing it, or to throw to first base when occupied by a base- 
runner, without completing the throw. 

Sec. 2. Throwing the ball by the pitcher to any base 
to catch the base-runner without stepping directly to- 
ward such base, in the act of making such throw. 

Sec 3. Any delivery of the ball to the bat by the 
pitcher while either foot is back of the pitcher's plate. 

Sec. 4. Any delivery of the ball to the bat by the 
pitcher, while he is not facing the batsman. 

Sec 5. Any motion in delivering the ball to the bat 
by pitcher while not in position defined by Rule 30. 



SCIENCE OP BASEBALL 95 

Sec. 6. Holding of the ball by the pitcher, so long 
as, in the opinion of the umpire, to unnecessarily delay 
the game. 

Sec. 7. Making any motion to pitch while standing 
in his position without having the ball in his possession. 

Sec. 8. Making any motion of the arm, shoulder, hip 
or body the pitcher habitually makes in his method of de- 
livery, without immediately delivering the ball to the bat. 

Sec. 9. Delivery of the ball to the bat when the 
catcher is standing outside the lines of the catcher's 
position as defined in Rule 3. 

If the pitcher shall fail to comply with the require- 
ments of any section of this rule, the umpire shall call 
a "balk." 
Rule 35. Dead Ball. 

A dead ball is a ball delivered to the bat by the 
pitcher, not struck at by the batsman, that touches any 
part of the batsman's person or clothing while he is 
standing in his position, or that before passing or getting 
beyond the control of the catcher touches any part of the 
clothing or person of the umpire while he is on foul 
ground. 
Rule 36. Ball Not in Play. 

In case of a foul strike, foul hit ball not legally 
caught, dead ball, or a fair hit ball, touching a base run- 
ner, the ball shall not be considered in play until it be 
held by the pitcher standing in his position, and the 
umpire shall have called "Play." 
Rule 37. Block Balls. 

Section i. A block is a batted or thrown ball that is 
touched, stopped or handled by a person not engaged in 
the game. 

Sec. 2. Whenever a block occurs the umpire shall de- 
clare it, and base runners may run the bases without 
liability to be put out until the ball has been returned to 
and held by the pitcher in his position. 

Sec. 3. If the person not engaged in the game should 
retain possession of a blocked ball, or throw or kick it 
beyond the reach of the fielders, the umpire shall call 
"Time" and require each base runner to stop at the base 
last touched by him until the ball be returned to the 
pitcher in his position and the umpire shall have called 
"Play." 



gb SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 

THE BATTING RULES. 



Rule 38. The Batsman's Position. 

Each player of the side at bat shall become the bats- 
man and must take his position within the batsman's 
lines (as denned in Rule 18) in the order that his name 
appears in his team's batting list. 

Bale 39. The Order of Batting. 

The batting order of each team must be delivered 
before the game by its captain to the umpire, who shall 
submit it to the inspection of the captain of the other 
side. The batting order delivered to the umpire must 
be followed throughout the game, unless a player be 
substituted for another, in which case the substitute 
must take the place in the batting order of the retired 
player. 
Rule 40. The First Batsman in an Inning. 

After the first inning the first striker in each inning 
shall be the batsman whose name follows that of the last 
man who completed his "time at bat" in the preceding 
inning. 
Rule 41. Flayers belong on Bench. 

When a side goes to the bat its players must immedi- 
ately seat themselves on the bench assigned to them as 
defined in Rule 21, and remain there until their side is 
put out, except when called to the bat or to act as coach- 
ers or substitute base runners. 

Rule 43. Reserved for Umpire, Catcher and Batsman. 

No player of the side "at bat," except the batsman, 
shall occupy any portion of the space within the catch- 
er's lines as defined in Rule 3. The triangular space 
back of the home base is reserved for the exclusive use 
of the umpire, catcher and batsman, and the umpire must 
prohibit any player of the side "at bat" from crossing 
the same at any time while the ball is in the hands pi 
the pitcher or catcher or passing between them while 
standing in their positions. 

Rule 43. Fielder has Right of Way. 

The players of the side at bat must speedily abandon 
their bench and hasten to another part of the field when 
by remaining upon or near it they or any of them would 



SCIENCE or BASEBALL 



97 



interfere with a fielder in an attempt to catch or handle 
a thrown or a batted ball. 

Rule 44. A Fair Hit. 

A fair hit is a legally batted ball that settles on fair 
ground between home and first base or between home 
and third base or that is on fair ground when bounding 
to the outfield past first or third base, or that first falls 
on fair territory beyond first or third base or that 
touches the person of the umpire or a player while on 
fair ground. 

Rule 45. A Foul Hit. 

A foul hit is a legally batted ball that settles on foul 
territory between home and first base or home and 
third base, or that bounds past first or third base on foul 
territory or that falls on foul territory beyond first or 
third base or touches the person of the umpire or a 
player while on foul ground. 

Rule 46. A Foul Tip. 

A foul tip is a ball batted by the batsman while stand- 
ing within the lines of his position, that goes sharp and 
direct from the bat to the catcher's hands and is legally 
caught. 

Rule 47. A Buut Hit. 

A bunt hit is a legally batted ball not swung at but 
met with the bat and tapped slowly within the infield by 
the batsman. If the attempted bunt results in a foul not 
legally caught a strike shall be called by the umpire. 

Rule 48. Balis Batted Outside the Ground. 

Section i. When a batted ball passes outside the 
ground or into a stand the umpire shall decide it fair 
or foul according to whether the point at which it leaves 
the playing field is on fair or foul territory. 

Sec. 2. A fair batted ball that goes over the fence or 
into a stand shall entitle the batsman to a home run 
unless it should pass out of the ground or into a stand 
at a less distance than two hundred and thirty-five (235) 
feet from the home base, in which case the batsman 
shall be entitled to two bases only. The point at which 
a fence or stand is less than 235 feet from the home 
base shall be plainly indicated by a white or black sign 
or mark for the umpire's guidance. 



9 8 



SCIENCC OP BASEBALL 



Rule 49. Strikes. 

A strike is: 

Section i. A pitched ball struck at by the batsman 
without its touching' his bat; or, 

Sec. 2. A fair ball legally delivered by the pitcher 
at which the batsman does not strike. 

Sec 3. A foul hit ball not caught on the fly unless 
the batsman has two strikes. 

Sec. 4. An attempt to bunt which results in a foul 
legally caught. 

Sec. 5. A pitched ball, at which the batsman strikes 
but misses and which touches any part of his person. 

Sec. 6. A foul tip, held by the catcher, while stand- 
ing within the lines of his position. 

Rule 50. Foul Strike. 

A "Foul Strike" is a ball batted by the batsman when 
either or both of his feet is upon the ground outside the 
lines of the batsman's position. 

Rule 51. When Batsman Is Out. 

The batsman is out: 

Section i. If he fails to take his position at the bat 
in the order in which his name appears on the batting list 
unless the error be discovered and the proper batsman 
replace him before a time "at bat" is recorded, in which 
case the balls and strikes called must be counted in the 
time "at bat" of the proper batsman. But only the 
proper batsman shall be declared out, and no runs shall 
be scored or bases run because of any act of the im- 
proper batsman. Provided, this rule shall not be en- 
forced unless the out be declared before the ball be de- 
livered to the succeeding batsman. Should the batsman 
declared out under this section be the third hand out, 
and his side be thereby put out, the proper batsman in 
the next inning shall be the player who would have come 
to bat had the players been put out by ordinary play 
in the preceding inning. 

Sec. 2. If he fail to take his position within one min- 
ute after the umpire has called for the batsman. 

Sec. 3. If he make a foul hit other than a foul tip, 
as defined in Rule 46, and the ball be momentarily held 
by a fielder before touching the ground; provided, it 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 99 

be not caught in a fielder's cap, protector, pocket or 
other part of his uniform, or strike some object other 
than a fielder before being caught. 

Sec. 4. If he make a foul strike, as defined in Rule 50. 

Sec. 5. If he attempt to hinder the catcher from field- 
ing or throwing the ball by stepping outside the lines of 
the batsman's position, or in any way obstructing or in- 
terfering with that player. 

Sec. 6. If, while first base be occupied by a base run- 
ner, three strikes be called on him by the umpire, unless 
two men are already out. 

Sec. 7. If, while attempting a third strike, the ball 
touch any part of the batsman's person, in which case 
base runners occupying bases shall not advance, as pre- 
scribed in Rule 55, Section 5. 

Sec. 8. If, before two hands are out, while first and 
second, or first, second and third bases are occupied, he 
hit a fly ball, other than a line drive, that can be handled 
by an infielder. In such case the umpire shall, as soon 
as the ball be hit, declare it an infield or outfield hit. 

Sec. 9. If the third strike be called in accordance 
with Rule 49, Section 5. 

Batsman Must Obey Call. 

Sec. 10. The moment a batsman's term at bat ends, 
the umpire shall call for the batsman next in order to 
leave his seat on the bench and take his position at the 
bat, and no player of the batting side shall leave his seat 
on the bench until so called, except to become a coacher 
or substitute base runner, to take the place of a player 
on his team's batting list to comply with the umpire's 
order. The batsman shall be declared out if he steps 
from one batsman's box to the other after the pitcher has 
taken his position in the pitcher's box. 



BASE-RUNNING RULES 



Rule 52. Legal Order of Bases. 

The Base Runner must touch each base in legal order, 
viz., First, Second, Third and Home Bases; and when 
obliged to return while the ball is in play, must retouch 
the base or bases in reverse order. He can only acquire 
the right to a base by touching it, before having been 
put out, and shall then be entitled to hold such base 



100 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 



until he has legally touched the next base in order, or 
has been legally forced to vacate it for a succeeding 
base runner. However, no base runner shall score a 
run to count in the game ahead of the base runner pre- 
ceding him in the batting order, if there be such pre- 
ceding base runner who has not been put out in that 
inning. 

Rule 53. When the Batsman Becomes a Base Runner. 

The batsman becomes a base runner: 

Section i. Instantly after he makes a fair hit. 

Sec. 2. Instantly after "Four Balls" have been called 
by the umpire. 

Sec. 3. Instantly after "Three Strikes" have been de- 
clared by the umpire. 

Sec. 4. If, without making any attempt to strike at 
the ball, his person or clothing be hit by a pitched ball 
unless, in the opinion of the umpire, he plainly makes no 
effort to get out of the way of the pitched ball. 

Sec. 5. If the catcher interfere with him in or pre- 
vent him from striking at a pitched ball. 

Rule 54. Entitled to Bases. 

The base runner shall be entitled, without liability 
to be put out, to advance a base in the following cases : 

Section i. If, while the batsman, he becomes a base 
runner by reason of "four balls" or for being hit by a 
pitched ball, or for being interfered with by the catcher 
in striking at a pitched ball. 

Sec. 2. If, while a batsman, a fair hit ball strike the 
person or clothing of the umpire or a base runner on 
fair ground. 

Sec. 3. If the umpire awards to a succeeding batsman 
a base on four balls, or for being hit by a pitched ball, 
or being interfered with by the catcher in striking at 
a pitched ball and the base runner be thereby forced to 
vacate the base held by him. 

Sec. 4. If the umpire call a "Balk." 

Sec. 5. If a ball delivered by the pitcher pass the 
catcher and touch the umpire or any fence or building 
within ninety (90) feet of the home base. 

Sec. 6. If he be prevented from making a base by 
the obstruction of a fielder, unless the latter have the 
ball in his hand ready to touch the base runner. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL *»* 

Sec. 7. If the fielder stop or catch a batted ball with 
his cap, glove or any part of his uniform, while detached 
from its proper place on his person. 

Rule 55. Returning to Bases. 

The base runner shall return to his base without lia- 
bility to be put out: 

Section i. If the umpire declare any foul not legally 
caught by a fielder. 

Sec. 2. If the umpire declares a foul strike. 

Sec. 3. If the umpire declares a dead ball, unless it be 
also the fourth unfair ball, and he be thereby forced to 
take the next base, as provided in Rule 54, Section 2. 

Sec. 4. If the person or clothing of the umpire inter- 
fere with the catcher in an attempt to throw or the um- 
pire be struck by a ball thrown by the catcher or other 
fielder to intercept a base runner. 

Sec. 5. If a pitched ball at which the batsman strikes, 
but misses, touch any part of the batsman's person. 

Sec. 6. In any and all of these cases the base runner 
is not required to touch the intervening bases in return- 
ing to the base he is legally entitled to. 

Rule 56. When Base Runners Are Out. 

The base runner is out: 

Section i. If, after three strikes have been declared 
against him while the batsman, the third strike ball be 
not legally caught, and he plainly attempts to hinder the 
catcher from fielding the ball. 

Sec. 2. If, having made a fair hit while batsman, 
such fair hit ball be momentarily held by a fielder be- 
fore touching the ground or any object other than a 
fielder ; provided, it be not caught in a fielder's hat, cap, 
protector, pocket or other part of his uniform. 

Sec. 3. If, when the umpire has declared "Three 
Strikes" on him while the batsman, the third strike ball 
be momentarily held by a fielder before touching the 
ground; provided, it be not caught in a fielder's cap, 
protector, pocket or other part of his uniform, or touch 
some object other than a fielder before being caught. 

Sec. 4. If, after three strikes or a fair hit, he be 
touched with the ball in the hand of a fielder before he 
shall have touched first base. 



SCIENCE OP BASEBALL. 



Sec. 5. If, after three strikes or a fair hit, the ball be 
securely held by a fielder while touching first base with 
any part of his person before such base runner touch 
first base. 

Sec. 6. If, in running the last half of the distance 
from home base to first base, while the ball is being 
fielded to first base, he run outside the three-foot lines, 
as defined in Rule 7, unless he do so to avoid a fielder 
attempting to field a batted ball. 

Sec 7. If, in running from first to second base, from 
second to third base, or from third to home base, he run 
more than three feet from a direct line between a base 
and the next one in regular or reverse order to avoid 
being touched by a ball in the hands of a fielder. But in 
case a fielder be occupying a base runner's proper path 
in attempting to field a batted ball, then the base runner 
shall run out of direct line to the next base and behind 
said fielder and shall not be declared out for so doing. 

"Sec. 8. If he fail to avoid a fielder attempting to 
field a batted ball, in the manner described in sections 6 
and 7 of this rule, or in any way obstruct a fielder in 
attempting to field a batted ball, or intentionally inter- 
fere with a thrown ball; provided, that if two or more 
fielders attempt to field a batted ball, and the base run- 
ner come in contact with one or more of them, the um- 
pire shall determine which fielder is entitled to the bene- 
fit of this rule, and shall not decide the base runner out 
for coming in contact with a fielder other than the one 
the, umpire determines to be entitled to field such batted 
ball. 

Sec. 9. If at any time while the ball is in play, he be 
touched by the ball in the hands of a fielder^ unless some 
part of his person be touching the base he is entitled to 
occupy; provided, however, that the ball be held by the 
fielder after touching him, unless the base runner delib- 
erately knock it out of his hand. 

Sec 10. If, when a fair or foul hit ball (other than a 
foul tip as defined in Rule 46) be legally caught by a 
fielder, such ball be legally held by a fielder on the base 
occupied by the base runner when such baH was batted, 
or the base runner be touched with the ball in the hands 
of a fielder, before he retouch such base after such fair 
or foul hit ball was so caught ; provided, that the base run- 
ner shall not be out in such case, if, after the ball was 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 



103 



legally caught as above, it be delivered to the bat by the 
pitcher before the fielder hold it on said base, or touch 
base runner out. with it; but if base runner, in attempt- 
ing to reach a base, detach it from its fastening before 
being touched or forced out, he shall be declared safe. 

Sec. 11. If, when the batsman becomes a base runner, 
the first base, or the first and second bases, or the first, 
second and third bases be occupied, any base runner so 
occupying a base shall cease to be entitled to hold it, 
and may be put out at the next base in the same manner 
as in running to first base, or by being touched with the 
ball in the hands of a fielder at any time before any base 
runner following him in the batting order be put out, 
unless the umpire should decide the hit of the batsman 
to be an infield fly. 

Sec. 12. If a fair hit ball strike him before touching 
a fielder, and, in such case, no base shall be run unless 
necessitated by the batsman becoming a base runner, 
but no run shall be scored or any other base runner 
put out until the umpire puts the ball back into play. 

Sec. 13. If, when advancing bases, or forced, to re- 
turn to a base, while the ball is in play, he fail to touch 
the intervening base or bases, if any, in the regular or 
reverse order, as the case may be, he may be put out by 
the ball being held by a fielder on any base he failed to 
touch, or by being touched by the ball in the hands of a 
fielder in the same manner as in running to first base; 
provided, that the base runner shall not be out in such 
case if the ball be delivered to the bat by the pitcher be- 
fore the fielder hold it on said base or touch the base 
runner with it. 

Sec. 14. If, when the umpire call "Play," after the 
suspension of a game, he fail to return to and touch the 
base he occupied when "Time" was called before touch- 
ing the next base ; provided, the base runner shall not be 
out, in such case, if the ball be delivered to the bat by 
the pitcher, before the fielder hold it on said base or 
touch the base runner with it. 

Sec 15. If with one or no one out and a base runner 
on third base, the batsman interferes with a play being 
made at home plate. 

Sec. 16. If he pass a base runner who is caught be- 
tween two bases, he shall be declared out immediately 
upon passing the preceding base runner. 



I ©4 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 



Overrunning First Base. 

Sec. 17. The base runner in running to first base may 
overrun said base after touching it in passing without 
incurring liability to be out for being off said base, 
provided he return at once and retouch the base, after 
which he may be put out as at any other base. If, after 
overrunning first base, he turn in the direction of or at- 
tempt to run to second base, before returning to first 
base, he shall forfeit such exemption from liability to 
be put out. 

Sec. 18. If, before two hands are out and while third 
base is occupied, the coacher stationed near that base 
shall run in the direction of home base on or near the 
base line while a fielder is making or trying to make a 
play on a batted ball not caught on the fly, or on a 
thrown ball, and thereby draws a throw to home base, 
the base runner entitled to third base shall be declared 
out by the umpire for the coacher's interference with and, 
prevention of the legitimate play. If one base runner 
passes another on the paths, the runner so passing shall 
be declared out. 

Sec. 19. If one or more members of the team at bat 
stand or collect at or around a base for which a base 
runner is trying, thereby confusing the fielding side and 
adding to the difficulty of making such play, the base 
runner shall be declared out for the interference of his 
team-mate or team-mates. 

Sec. 20. If he touch home base before a base runner 
preceding him in the batting order, if there be such pre- 
ceding base runner, lose his right to third base. 

Sec. 21. If with one or none out and a runner on 
third base, the batsman interferes with the catcher, the 
base runner shall be declared out. 
Rule 57. "When Umpire Shall Declare an Out. 

The umpire shall declare the batsman or base run- 
ner out, without waiting for an appeal for such decision, 
in all cases where such player be put out in accordance 
with any of these rules, except Sections 13 and 17 of 
Rule 56. 
Rule 58. Coaching Rules. 

The coacher shall be restricted to coaching the base 
runner, and then only in words of assistance and direc- 
tion in running bases. He shall not, by words or signs, 
incite or try to incite the spectators to demonstrations, 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 10 5 

and shall not use language which will in any manner 
refer to or reflect upon a player of the opposite club, 
the umpire or the spectators. Not more than two coach- 
ers, who must be players in the uniform of the team at 
bat, shall be allowed to occupy the space between the 
players' and the coachers' lines, one near first and the 
other near third base, to coach base runners. If there be 
more than the legal number of coachers or this rule be 
violated in any respect the captain of the opposite side 
may call the attention of the umpire to the offense, and 
thereupon the umpire must order the illegal coacher or 
coachers to the bench, and if his order be not obeyed 
within one minute, the umpire shall assess a fine of $5.00 
against each offending player, and upon a repetition of 
the offense, the offending player or players shall be de- 
barred from further participation in the game, and shall 
leave the playing field forthwith. 

Rule 59. The Scoring of Runs. 

One run shall be scored every time a base runner, 
after having legally touched the first three bases, shall 
legally touch the home base before three men are put 
out; provided, however, that if he reach home on or 
during a play in which the third man be forced out or 
be put out before reaching first base, a run shall not 
count. A force-out can be made only when a base run- 
ner legally loses the right to the base he occupies and is 
thereby obliged to advance as the result of a fair hit 
ball not caught on the fly. 



UMPIRE AND HIS DUTIES 



Rule 60. Power to Enforce Decisions. 

The umpire is the representative of the League and 
as such is authorized and required to enforce each sec- 
tion of this code. He shall have the power to order a 
player, captain or manager to do or omit to do any act 
which in his judgment is necessary to give force and 
effect to one or all of these rules and to inflict penalties 
for violations of the rules as hereinafter prescribed. 
Rule 61. 

There shall be no appeal from any decision of the um- 
pire on the ground that he was not correct in his con- 
clusion as to whether a batted ball was fair or foul, a 
base runner safe or out, a pitched ball a strike or ball, 



io6 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 



or on any other play involving accuracy of judgment, 
and no decision rendered by him shall be reversed, ex- 
cept that he be convinced that it is in violation of one of 
these rules. The captain shall alone have the right to 
protest against a decision and seek its reversal on a 
claim that it is in conflict with a section of these rules. 

Rule 62. Must Not Question Decisions. 

Under no circumstances shall a captain or player dis- 
pute the accuracy of the umpire's judgment and decision. 
Rule 63. Clubs Cannot Change Umpire. 

The umpire cannot be changed during a champion- 
ship game by the consent of the contesting clubs unless 
the official in charge of the field be incapacitated from 
service by injury or illness. 

Rule 64. Penalties for "Violations of the Rules. 

In all cases of violation of these rules, by either a 
player or manager, the penalty for the first offense shall 
be a fine by the umpire of $5.00, and, for a second 
offense, prompt removal of the offender from the game 
or grounds, followed by a period of such suspension 
from actual service in the club as the president of the 
League may fix. 
Rule 65. Umpire to Report Violations of the Rules. 

The umpire shall, within twelve hours after fining or 
removing a player from the game, forward to the presi- 
dent a report of the penalty inflicted and the cause. 

Rule 66. 

Immediately upon being informed by the umpire that 
a fine has been imposed upon any manager, captain or 
player, the president shall notify the person so fined and 
also the club of which he is a member ; and, in the event 
of the failure of the person so fined to pay to the sec- 
retary of the League the amount of said fine within five 
days after notice, he shall be debarred from participat- 
ing in any championship game or from sitting on a 
players' bench during the progress of a championship 
game until such fine be paid. 
Rule 67. 

When the offense of the player debarred from the 
game be of a flagrant nature, such as the use of obscene 
language or an assault upon a player or umpire, the um- 



SCIENCE Or BASEBALL 



pire shall within four hours thereafter forward to the 
president of the League full particulars. 
Rule 68. Warning to Captains. 

The umpire shall notify both captains before the game, 
and in the presence of each other, that all the playing 
rules will be strictly and impartially enforced, and warn 
them that failure on their part to co-operate in such en- 
forcement will result in offenders being fined, and, if 
necessary to preserve discipline, debarred from the game. 

Rule 69. On Ground Rules. 

Before the commencement of a game the umpire shall 
see that the rules governing all the materials of the 
game are strictly observed. He shall ask the captain of 
the home club whether there are any special ground 
rules, and if there be _ he shall acquaint himself with 
them, advise the captain of the visiting team of their 
scope and see that each is duly enforced, provided that 
it does not conflict with any of these rules. 

Rule 70. Official Announcements. 

The umpire shall call "Play" at the hour appointed 
for the beginning of a game, announce "Time" at its 
legal interruption and declare "Game" at its legal 
termination. 
Rule 71. Suspension of Play. 

The umpire shall suspend play for the following causes: 

i. If rain fall so heavily as to cause the spectators on 
the open field and open stands to seek shelter, in which 
case he shall note the time o'f suspension, and should 
rain fall continuously for thirty minutes thereafter he 
shall terminate the game. 

2. In case of an accident which incapacitates him or a 
player from service in the field, or in order to remove 
from the grounds any player or spectator who has vio- 
lated the rules, or in case of fire, panic or other extraor- 
dinary circumstances. 

Rule 72. Call of Time. 

In suspending play from any legal cause the umpire 
shall call "Time" ; when he calls "Time," play shall be 
suspended until he calls "Play" again, and during the 
interim no player shall be put out, base be run or run be 
scored. "Time" shall not be called by the umpire until 



ioS 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 



the ball be held by the pitcher while standing in his 

position. 

Rule 73. Decisions on Balls and Strikes. 

The umpire shall call and count as a "ball" any unfair 
ball delivered by the pitcher to the batsman. He shall 
also call and count as a "strike" any fairly delivered ball 
which passes over any portion of the home base, and 
within the batsman's legal range, as denned in Rule 31, 
whether struck at or not by the batsman; or a foul tip 
which is caught by the catcher standing within the lines 
of his position, within 10 feet of the home base; or 
which, after being struck at and not hit, strike the per- 
son of the batsman ; or when the ball be bunted foul by 
the batsman ; or any foul hit ball not caught on the fly 
unless the batsman has two strikes, provided, however, 
that a pitched ball shall not be called or counted a 
"ball" or "strike" by the umpire until it has passed the 
home plate. 
Rule 74. 

If but one umpire be assigned, his duties and jurisdic- 
tion shall extend to all points ; and he shall be permitted 
to take his stand in any part of the field that in his 
opinion will best enable him to discharge his duties. If 
two umpires be assigned to a game, they shall decide be- 
tween themselves what plays each shall pass on. 
Rule 75. Field Rules. 

No person shall be allowed upon any part of the field 
during the progress of a game except the players in uni- 
form, the manager of each side, the umpire, such officers 
of the law as may be present in uniform, and such 
watchmen of the home club as may be necessary to pre- 
serve the peace. 

Rule 76. 

No manager, captain or player shall address the spec- 
tators during a game except in reply to a request for 
information about the progress or state of the game. 
Rule 77. 

Every club shall furnish sufficient police force to pre- 
serve order upon its own grounds, and in the event of a 
crowd entering the field during the progress of a game, 
and interfering with the play in any manner, the visit- 
ing club may refuse to play until the field be cleared. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 



If the field be not cleared within 15 minutes thereafter, 
the visiting club may claim and shall be entitled to the 
game by a score of nine runs to none (no matter what 
number of innings has been played). 
Rule 78. General Definitions. 

"Play" is the order of the umpire to begin the game or 
to resume it after its suspension. 

Rule 79. 

"Time" is the order of the umpire to suspend play. 
Such suspension must not extend beyond the day. 
Rule 80. 

"Game" is the announcement of the umpire that the 
game is terminated. 
Rule 81. 

"An inning" is the term at bat of the nine players 
representing a club in a game and is completed when 
three of such players have been legally put out. 
Rule 82. 

"A Time at Bat" is the term at bat of a batsman. It 
begins when he takes his position, and continues until 
he is put out or becomes a base runner. But a time at 
bat shall not be charged against a batsman who is 
awarded first base by the umpire for being hit by a 
pitched ball or on called balls or when he makes a sacri- 
fice hit, or for interference by the catcher. 
Rule 83. 

"Legal" or "Legally" signifies as required by these 

rules. * 

THE SCORING RULES 

Rule 84. 

To promote uniformity in scoring championship games 
the following instructions are given and suggestions 
and definitions made for the guidance of scorers, and 
they are required to make all scores in accordance 
therewith. 
Rule 85. The Batsman's Record. 

Section i. The first item in the tabulated score, after 
the player's name and position, shall be the number of 
times he has been at bat during the game, but the ex- 
ceptions made in Rule 82 must not be included. 

Sec. 2. In the second column shall be set down the 
runs, if any, made by each player. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 



Sec. 3. In the third column shall be placed the first 
base hits, if any, made by each player. 

The Scoring of Base Hits. 

Sec. 4. A base hit shall be scored in the following 
cases : 

When the ball from the bat strikes the ground on or 
within the foul lines and out of the reach of the fielders. 

When a fair-hit ball is partially or wholly stopped by 
a fielder in motion, but such player cannot recover him- 
self in time to field the ball to first before the striker 
reaches that base or to force out another base runner. 

When the ball be hit with such force to an infielder or 
pitcher that he cannot handle it in time to put out the 
batsman or force out a base runner. In a case of doubt 
over this class of hits, a base hit should be scored and 
the fielder exempted from the charge of an error. 

When the ball is hit so slowly toward a fielder that he 
cannot handle it in time to put out the batsman or force 
out a base runner. 

In all cases where a base runner is retired by being hit 
by a batted ball, unless batted by himself, the batsman 
should be credited with a base hit. 

When a batted ball hits the person or clothing of the 
umpire, as defined in Rule 54, Section 2. 

In no case shall a base hit be scored when a base run- 
ner is forced out by the play. 

Sacrifice Hits. 

Sec. 5. In the fourth column shall be placed the sac- 
rifice hits. 

A sacrifice hit shall be credited to the batsman who. 
when no one is out or when but one man is out, ad- 
vances a runner a base by a bunt hit, which results in 
the batsman being put out before reaching first, or would 
so result if it were handled without error. 
Fielding Records. 

SEC. 6. A sacrifice hit shall also be credited to a 
batsman who, when no one is out or when but one man 
is out hits a fly ball that is caught, but results in a run 
being scored. This rule will produce higher batting 
averages for the team worker and is framed so that justice 
may be done to the man who works for his side. 



BILL, DONOVAN, DETROIT AMERICANS. 



H2 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. 

who would have made the play but for the action of the 
base runner or the announcement of the umpire. 

Sec. 7. The number of times, if any, each player 
assists in putting out an opponent shall be set down in 
the sixth column. An assist should be given to each 
player who handles the ball in aiding in a run out or 
any other play of the kind, except the one who com- 
pletes it. 

An assist should be given to a player who makes a 
play in time to put a runner out, even if the player who 
could complete the play fail, through no fault of the 
assisting player. 

And generally an assist should be given to each player 
who handles or assists in any manner in handling the 
ball from the time it leaves the bat until it reaches the 
player who makes the put-out, or in case of a thrown 
ball, to each player who throws or handles it cleanly, and 
in such a way that a put-out results, or would result if 
no error were made by a team-mate. 

Assists should be credited to every player who handles 
the ball in the play which results in a base runner being 
called "out" for interference or for running out of line. 

Errors. 

Sec. 8. An error shall be given in the seventh col- 
umn for each misplay which prolongs the time at bat of 
the batsman or allows a base runner to make one or 
more bases when perfect play would have insured his 
being put out. But a wild pitch, a base on balls, a base 
awarded to a batsman by being struck by a pitched ball, 
an illegal pitch, a balk and a passed ball, each of which 
is a battery and not a fielding error, shall not be in- 
cluded in the seventh column. 

An error shall not be charged against the catcher for 
a wild throw in an attempt to prevent a stolen base, 
unless the base runner advance an extra base because 
of the error. 

An error shall not be scored against the catcher or an 
infielder who attempts to complete a double play, unless 
the throw be so wild that an additional base be gained. 

In case a base runner advance a base through the 
failure of a baseman to stoo or trv to stop a ball accu- 
rately thrown to his base, he shall be charged with an 
error and not the player who made such throw, pro- 
vided there were occasion for it. If such throw be made 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL. "3 

to second base the scorer shall determine whether the 
second baseman or shortstop shall be charged with an 
error. 

Stolen Bases. 

Sec. i. A stolen base shall be credited to the base 
runner whenever he advances a base unaided by a base 
hit, a put-out, a fielding or a battery error. 
Rule 86. 

The Summary shall contain: 

Section i. The score made in each inning of the 
game and the total runs of each side in the game. 

Sec. 2. The number of stolen bases, if any, by each 
player. 

Sec. 3. The number of two-base hits, if any, made by 
each player. 

Sec. 4. The number of three-base hits, if any, made 
by each player. 

Sec. 5. The number of home runs, if any, made by 
each player. 

Sec. 6. The number of double and triple plays, if any, 
made by each side and the names of the players as- 
sisting in the same. 

Sec. 7. The number of innings each pitcher pitched 
in. 

Sec. 8. The number of base hits, if any, made off 
each pitcher. 

Sec. 9. The number of times, if any, the pitcher 
strikes out the opposing batsmen. 

Sec. 10. The number of times, if any, the pitcher 
gives bases on balls. 

Sec. 11. The number of wild pitches, if any, charged 
to the pitcher. 

Sec. 12. The number of times, if any, the pitcher 
hits a batsman with a pitched ball. 

Sec. 13. The number of passed balls by each catcher. 

Sec. 14. The time of the game. 

Sec. 15. The name of the umpire. 



RULES FOR 
POST-SEASON CHAMPIONSHIP GAMES. 



Sec. i. The pennant-winning club of the National 
League and the pennant-winning club of the American 
League shall meet annually in a series of games for the 
professional baseball championship of the world. 

Sec. 2. The emblem of the professional baseball 
championship of the world shall be a silver cup of suit- 
able size and appropriate design, jointly contributed by 
the two leagues. 

Sec. 3. The games shall be played under the super- 
vision, control and direction of the National Commis- 
sion. 

Sec. 4. The event shall take place at the end of the 
championship season of each year. Seven game's shall 
constitute a complete series. 

Sec. 5. The games shall be conducted according to 
the playing rules as provided for by the National 
Agreement. 

Sec. 6. The National Commission shall promulgate 
schedule for the event. Three games shall be scheduled 
in each of the cities of the contesting clubs, unless the 
commission should otherwise decide. In case it be- 
comes necessary to play the seventh game to decide the 
event, the commission shall determine the city in which 
the game is to be played. 

Sec. 7. The clubs entitled to contest for the world's 
honor shall be represented by the Presidents of their 
respective leagues and clubs. The Secretary of the 
National Commission will be .required to notify all of 
the players of the contesting teams that they will be held 
amenable by the commission to all rules governing 
baseball and will be subject to discipline regardless of 
contracts. 

Sec. 8. The clubs shall continue to play, each day 
according to the authorized schedule until one of them 




WILLIE KEELER, NEW YORK AMERICANS. 



«6 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 



has won four games, when the contest shall end, and 
the club winning shall be entitled to hold the emblem 
of the world's championship during the ensuing base- 
ball season. 

Sec. 9. The National Commission shall reserve to 
itself the right to terminate the series at any time 
that it deems the interest of baseball demands it, and 
to declare one of the contesting clubs the winner of 
the championship regardless of previous performances. 

Sec. 10. Each of the clubs participating in the event 
shall guarantee to the National Commission in such 
manner as the latter may prescribe, that they will faith- 
fully carry out all of the provisions of these rules and 
regulations and such others as the commission may 
hereafter make to govern the games, and that they 
will not exercise an arbitrary right or privilege of 
abandoning the series until it has been completed or 
the championship determined. 

Sec. 11. There shall be two umpires who shall be 
invested with the authority and discretion that the play- 
ing rules confer, and they shall observe the same gen- 
eral instructions with reference to maintaining order 
and discipline upon the ball field during these con- 
tests that govern them in the performance of their 
duties in all other games in their respective leagues. 

Sec. 12. The President of the National League and 
the President of the American League shall each select 
one umpire from their respective leagues, and the um- 
pires so chosen shall be assigned to duty and be sub- 
ject to the orders of the Chairman of the National 
Commission. 

Sec. 13. The compensation of the umpires shall be 
fixed by the National Commission. 

Sec. 14. The expenses of the National Commission 
pertaining to these games, the salaries of the umpires, 
and other miscellaneous and contingent expenses in 
connection therewith, shall be paid out of the funds to 
be received by the commission from these games. Should 
these funds prove insufficient to this purpose, the bal- 
ance shall be paid out of the regular funds of the com- 
mission, and should there be a surplus in these funds 
it shall be credited each year to the regular funds of 
the commission. All other expenses of both clubs. 




BROWN, CHICAGO NATIONALS. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 



such as hotel bills and traveling expenses, balls, adver- 
tising, policing of grounds, ticket sellers and takers, 
incidentals, etc., shall be paid by the club incurring 
the same. Should any difference arise at any time 
as to the latter expense, the same shall be submitted 
to the commission for adjudication and its finding shall 
be conclusive. 

Sec. 15. Each contesting club shall preserve its con- 
stitutional rights during games played upon its own 
grounds with reference to the conduct of its business 
affairs in connection therewith, but the visiting club 
shall also be allowed its inherent rights and whatever 
representation and facilities it may require to properly 
protect the interests of the club and its players. 
_ Sec. 16. The rates of admission and the condi- 
tions governing the same shall be fixed by and be under 
the control of the National Commission. 

Sec. 17. The receipts from the games shall be di- 
vided as follows : 

1. Ten per cent, of the gross receipts from all games 
shall be paid to the National Commission. 

2. — per cent, of the balance, from the first four 
games shall form a pool for the players of the two 
teams, to be divided 75 per cent, to the winner and 25 
per cent, to the loser of the contest. 

3. After the 10 per cent, deductions for the com- 
mission and the two leagues from all the games and 
that which forms the players' pool from the first four 
games, the balance of the gross receipts shall be divided 
equally between the two clubs. 

4. The amount to be paid into the players' pool as 
provided by this section shall be paid to the com- 
mission, and the same shall be distributed to the 
players through the Secretary of the commission. 

Sec. 18. In the event that the schedule for a world's 
championship series extends beyond the player's con- 
tract season, then the salaries of the players who prop- 
erly belong to the pennant-winning clubs shall _ con- 
tinue, at the contract rate, to the end of the series of 
games scheduled, although only four or more games 
be played. 

Sec. 19. The free list shall be suspended during the 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 



contest except to representatives of the press and club 
officials of the two leagues. 

Sec. 20. The winning team shall receive a pennant 
and the individual players suitable trophies emblematic 
of the championship. 

Sec. 21. All questions arising out of the playing for 
the world's championship not provided for herein nor 
covered by the playing rules shall be dealt with and 
decided by the National Commission. 

Sec. 22. All clubs of both leagues, whether holding 
the cup or challenging for it, hereby agree absolutely 
to conform strictly to all the articles of these rules, and 
in any cases not herein provided for, to conform to 
the decisions of the National Commission. 

Sec. 23. These same rules may apply to all other 
games played between National and American League 
clubs upon application being made to the National Com- 
mission, except as to the division of the receipts ex- 
clusive of the amount to be paid to the National Com- 
mission and the two leagues, which shall be mutually 
agreed upon between the clubs participating in such 
games, provided, all players shall be paid at their con- 
tract prices for all games of this character that they 
are obliged to play after the expiration of their con- 
tracts. 

Sec. 24. After the adoption of this agreement by 
the National and American Leagues copies of the same 
shall be prepared by the respective leagues and sent to 
the President of each club, who shall, on or before the 
10th of March of each year, mail a copy to each player 
of his club. 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 



National League Record for 



Pitts. Chic. N.Y. Cin. Phil. Bkln. St.L. Bos. Won. P.C. 



Pittsburg..... 




13 


11 


15 


15 


18 


18 


20 


110 


724 


Chicago.., 


9 




11 


16 


16 


16 


15 


21 


104 


680 


New York 


11 


11 




13 


12 


15 


16 


14 


92 


601 


Cincinnati ,. 


. 7 


6 


9 




9 


17 


12 


17 


77 


504 


Philadelphia..... 


7 


6 


10 


12 




11 


16 


12 


74 


484 


Brooklyn.. 


. 4 


5 


7 


5 


11 




12 


11 


55 


359 


St. Louis 


3 


7 


5 


10 


6 


10 




13 


54 


355 


Boston 


1 


1 


8 


5 


10 


11 


9 




45 


294 


Games Lost... 


. 42 


49 


61 


76 


79 


98 


98 


108 


611 





Winners oe Previous Years. 

Year. Champion Clubs. Won. 

1893. Boston 86 

1894 .Baltimore 89 

1895 Baltimore 87 

1896 Baltimore 90 

1897 .Boston 93 

1898 Boston 102 

1899 Brooklyn 101 

1900 Brooklyn 82 

19C1 Pittsburg 89 

1902 Pittsburg 103 

1903 Pittsbur- 91 

1904 New York 106 

1905 New York, 105 

1906 Chicago .. 116 

1907 ........Chicago 107 

1908 Chicago ... 98 

1909.... Pittsburg 110 



Lost. 
44 



P.C. 



Cx,ub Batting 

Club G. A B. 

Pittsburg 154 5129 

New York 157 5218 

Cincinnati .157 5088 

Chicago 155 4999 

Philadelphia 154 5034 

St. Louis 154 5108 

Brooklyn 155 5056 

Boston. 155, 5017 



R. 


H. 


PC 


701 


1332 


.259 


622 


1327 


.254 


606 


1273 


.250 


632 


1227 


.245 


515 


1228 


.244 


583 


1242 


.243 


442 


1157 


.228 


428 


1121 


.223 



RECORDS FOR SEASON 1909 

NATIONAL LEAGUE BATTING AVERAGES FOR 1909. 



Players and Clubs. 



a w 



Wagner, Pittsburg 137 495 92 168 .339 

Mitchell, Cincinnati 145 523 83 162 .310 

Seymour, New York 73 280 £7 87 .310 

Hoblitzell, Cincinnati 142 517 59 159 .308 

Wheat, Brooklyn 26 1C2 15 31 .304 

Doyle, New York" 144 570 86 172 .3C2 

Snodgrass. New York ,. 22 70 10 21 .300 

Hyatt, Pittsburg 49 67 9 20 .299 

Bridwell, New York 143 476 59 140 .294 

Bransfield, Philadelphia 138 527 47 154 .292 

Bates, Philadelphia 133 502 70 146 .291 

McCormick, New York 110 413 68 120 .290 

Clarke, Pittsburg 152 550 97 158 .287 

Konetchy, St. Louis 152 576 88 165 .286 

Hofman, Chicago 153 527 60 150 .285 

Hulswitt, St. Louis 77 289 21 81 .280 

Hummell, Brooklyn , ... 145 542 54 152 .280 

J. B. Miller, Pittsburg 150 560 71 156 .279 

Myers, New York 64 220 15 61 .277 

Egan, Cincinnati 126 480 59 132 .275 

Zimmerman, Chicago 47 183 23 50 .273 

C. Wilson, Pittsburg 154 569 64 155 .273 

Jordan, Brooklyn 95 330 47 90 .273 

Chance, Chicago 92 324 53 88 .271 

Burch, Brooklyn 152 601 80 163 .271 

Storke, Pittsburg-St. Louis 80 292 23 79 .271 

Magee, Philadelphia 143 522 60 141 .270 

Titus, Philadelphia 149 540 69 146 .270 

Oak es. Cincinnati 67 415 55 112 .270 

Grant, Philadelphia 154 631 75 170 .269 

Ellis, St. Louis 145 575 76 154 .268 

Ward, Philadelphia 63 184 21 49 .266 

Devlin, New York.... 143 491 61 130 .265 

Gibson, Pittsburg 150 510 42 125 .265 

Schulte, Chicago 140 538 57 142 .264 

Beaumont, Boston Ill 407 35 107 .263 

Thomas, Boston 77 281 36 74 .263 

Murray, New York 149 570 74 150 .263 

Mathewson, New York 37 95 9 25 .263 

Evers, Chicago 126 463 88 122 .263 

Lenox, Brooklyn 121 435 33 114 .262 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 



National League Batting Averages— continued. 

Leach, Pittsburg 151 587 126 

Deininger, Philadelphia 46 169 22 

Abstein, Pittsburg 135 512 51 

Evans, St. Louis 143 498 67 

McLean, Cincinnati 95 324 26 

Tinker, Chicago 143 516 56 

Harmon, St. Louis 21 51 3 

Sheckard, Chicago 148 525 81 

W. Miller, Cincinnati 40 169 19 

Clement, Brooklyn 89 343 35 

Steinfeldt, Chicago 151 528 73 

Paskert, Cincinnati 88 322 49 

Lumley, Brooklyn 52 172 13 

Shaw, St. Louis 92 331 45 

Phelps, St. Louis 83 306 43 

Alperman, Brooklyn 108 420 35 

Becker, Boston 152 562 60 

Schlei. New York 89 279 25 

Crandall, New York 30 41 4 

Bresnahan, St. Louis 69 234 27 

Sweeney, Boston 138 493 45 

Shean, Philadelphia-Boston 101 379 46 

Bescher, Cincinnati 117 446 73 

Graham, Boston 81 267 27 

Lush, St. Louis 45 92 11 

Roth, Chicago 52 147 12 

Charles, Cincinnati 112 382 36 

O'Hara, New York Ill 360 48 

Tenny, New York 98 375 43 

Knabe, Philadelphia Ill 402 40 

Dahlen, Boston 57 197 22 

Downey, Cincinnati 119 416 39 

Barbeau, Pittsburg and St. Louis 129 525 83 

Archer, Chicago 80 261 31 

Abby, Pittsburg 23 87 13 

Overall, Chicago 38 96 7 

Hunter, Brooklyn 39 123 8 

Byrne, St. Louis-Pittsburg 151 589 92 

Dooin, Philadelphia 140 468 42 

Maddox, Pittsburg 31 67 6 

Getz, Boston 40 148 6 

Bliss, St. Louis 3^ 113 12 

Doolan, Philadelphia 147 493 39 

Moran, Chicago 74 246 18 

Starr, Philadelphia 62 219 16 

Pletcher, New York 29 98 7 

Delehanty, St. Louis Ill 411 28 



153 


.261 


44 


.2ti0 


133 


.260 


129 


.259 


83 


.256 


132 


.256 


13 


.255 


134 


.255 


43 


.255 


87 


.254 


133 


.252 


81 


.251 


43 


.250 


82 


.243 


76 


.248 


104 


.248 


138 


.245 


68 


.244 


10 


.244 


57 


.244 


120 


.243 


92 


.243 


107 


.240 


64 


.239 


22 


.239 


35 


.238 


91 


.238 


85 


.236 


88 


.235 


94 


.234 


46 


.233 


96 


.231 


121 


.231 


60 


.230 


20 


.230 


22 


.229 


28 


.228 


133 


.226 


105 


.224 


15 


.224 


33 


.223 


25 


.221 


1C8 


.219 


54 


.219 


48 


.219 


21 


.214 


88 


.214 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 123 

National League Batting Averages— continued. 

Huggins, Cincinnati 46 159 18 34 .213 

Lobert, Cincinnati 122 425 50 90 .212 

McMillen, Brooklyn 1C8 373 18 79 .212 

Higginbotbam. Chicago 22 29 1 6 .207 

Ferguson, Boston 36 73 2 15 .204 

Marshall, Brooklyn 47 149 7 30 .202 

Mowrey, St. Louis 43 144 13 29 .201 

Wiltse, New York 37 95 10 19 .200 

Murpby, St. Louis 19 60 3 12 .200 

McElveen, Brooklyn 67 258 22 51 .198 

Beck, Bostoc 88 334 20 66 .198 

Howard, Chicago 57 203 25 40 .197 

Autrey, Boston 70 232 19 45 .194 

Leifield, Pittsburg 32 73 2 14 .192 

Fromme, Cincinnati 37 94 8 18 .191 

Merkle, New York 71 236 15 45 .191 

Corridon, Philadelphia 27 59 4 11 .186 

Coffee, Boston 73 257 21 48 .186 

Herzog, New York 38 130 16 24 .185 

Shafer, New York 31 84 11 15 .179 

M. Brown, Chicago 50 125 13 22 .176 

Ritchey, Boston 25 87 4 15 .172 

Mclntyre, Brooklyn 32 76 9 13 .171 

Pfiester, Chicago 29 65 5 11 .169 

H. Smith, Boston 31 113 9 19 .168 

Mattern, Boston. 47 101 4 17 .168 

Beebe, St. Louis 44 108 4 18 .167 

Bell, Brooklyn 33 90 5 15 .166 

Marquard, New York 29 54 3 8 .148 

Raymond. New York 39 89 4 13 .146 

Reulbach, Chicago , 35 86 3 12 .140 

Bergen, Brooklyn 112 346 16 48 .139 

Camnitz, Pittsburg 41 87 8 12 .138 

Stanley, Chicago 16 52 4 7 .135 

C. Brown. Boston 25 57 4 7 .123 

Gaspar, Cincinnati 44 82 3 10 .122 

NATIONAL LEAGUE PITCHING AVERAGES FOR 1909. 

Name of Club. G. PO. A. E. F. Av. 

*Leever, Pittsburg 19 23 1.000 

H. Camnitz. Pittsburg 41 9 63 2 .973 

MatbewRon, New York 37 19 96 4 .966 

Adams, Pittsburg 25 1 33 3 .919 

M. Brown, Chicago 50 18 83 3 .971 

Higginbotham. St. Louis-Chicago 22 4 17 3 .870 

Pfiester, Chicago 29 6 69 2 .974 

Phillippe, Pittsburg 22 6 26 1.000 



I2 4 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 

National League Pitching Averages— continued. 

Leifield, Pittsburg 32 6 53 

Kroh, Chicago 17 6 37 

Willis. Pittsburg 39 16 85 

Reulbach, Chicago 35 15 91 

Overall, Chicago 38 12 69 

Wiltse, New York 37 9 62 

Gasper, Cincinnati 44 2 56 

Maddox, Pittsbunr 31 6 54 

Corridon, Philadelphia 27 8 70 

Earl Moore, Philadelphia 38 10 54 

Ames, New York 34 11 99 

Raymond, New York 39 8 86 

Crandall, New York 30 9 39 

Fromme, Cincinnati 37 7 89 

W. D. Scanlon, Brooklyn 19 33 

Moren. Philadelphia 40 8 46 

Bell, Brooklyn 33 10 81 

Higgins, St. Louis 16 4 20 

Richie, Phila-Boston 33 8 31 

Ewing, Cincinnati 31 7 42 

Rowan, Cincinnati 38 7 40 

Sallee, St. Louis 32 7 63 

McQuillan, Philadelphia 41 8 56 

Beebe, St. Louis 44 15 81 

Mattern, Boston 47 21 100 

Rucker. Brooklyn 38 3 67 

Campbell, Cincinnati 30 3 55 

Lush, St. Louis 34 9 60 

Coveleskie, Philadelphia 24 6 39 

Harmon, St. Louis 21 6 45 

Sparks, Philadelphia 24 4 31 

Charles Brown, Phila.-Boston 25 11 44 

White, Boston 23 6 37 

Foxen, Philadelphia 18 6 42 

Mclntyre, Brooklyn 32 6 f2' 

Hunter, Brooklyn 16 5 31 

Dubuc, Cincinnati 19 4 23 

Marquard, New York 29 3 45 

Backman, St. Louis 21 2 36 

Wilhelm, Brooklyn 22 3 56 

Ferguson, Boston 36 10 63 

Moore, St. Louis-Boston 25 2 34 

Lindaman, Boston 15 2 16 

Raleigh, St. Louis 15 4 24 

Melter. St. Louis 23 5 21 

Tuokey, Boston 17 11 28 

* Pitched only two complete games. 



3 


.952 


1 


.977 


5 


.953 


5 


.955 


3 


.964 


2 


.972 


3 


.951 


2 


.968 


4 


.951 


6 


.914 


9 


.923 


9 


.913 


3 


.941 


8 


.923 


1 


.971 


5 


.915 


6 


.938 





1.000 


4 


.907 


8 


.860 


3 


.940 


3 


.959 





1.000 


7 


.932 


10 


.923 


4 


.946 


1 


.983 


4 


.945 


2 


.957 


3 


.944 





1.000 


4 


.932 


6 


.877 


2 


.960 


4 


.944 


3 


.923 


5 


.844 


4 


.923 


1 


.975 


6 


.908 


5 


.936 


2 


.947 


2 


.900 


3 


.903 





1.000 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 



American League Record for 19U9. 



Det. Ath. Bos. Chi. N. Y. Cle?. St.L. Wash. Won, PC 

Detroit .. 8 13 15 14 14 18 16 98 .645 

Athletics 14 ... 11 10 14 13 14 19 95 .621 

Boston 9 10 ... 13 13 14 13 16 88 .583 

Chicago 6 12 9 ... 14 8 10 19 78 .513 

New York. „ 8 8 9 8 ... 14 13 14 74 .490 

Cleveland 8 9 8 13 8 ... 14 11 71 .464 

St. Louis 3 8 7 12 3 9 ... 15 61 .407 

Washington 6 3 6 3 6 11 7 ... 42 .276 

Games Lost.. .. 54 58 63 74 77 32 89 110 



Winners of Previous Years. 



1900 Chicago... 

1901 Chicago ... 

1902 Athletics. 

1903 Boston.... 

1904 Boston.... 

1905 Athletics. 

1906 Chicago... 

1907 Detroit.... 

1908 Detroit ... 

1909 Detroit ... 



.607 
.610 
.610 
.659 
.617 
.621 
.614 
.613 
.588 
.645 



Club Batting. 

Club G. AB. 

Detroit 157 5074 

Boston., 152 4995 

Philadelphia 153 4909 

New York 153 4989 

Cleveland 155 5039 

St. Louis 154 4972 

Washington 1.T6 4982 

Chicago ; 159 5013 



R. 


H. 


PC. 


667 


1355 


267 


603 


1301 


260 


605 


1255 


256 


500 


1239 


243 


494 


1217 


242 


441 


1156 


233 


380 


1112 


223 


492 


1109 


221 



"6 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 

AMERICAN LEAGUE BATTING AVERAGES FOR 19C9. 

G. AB. R. BH. SB. PC. 

Cobb, Detroit 136 573 116 216 76 .377 

Collins, Philadelphia 153 572 104 198 67 .346 

Lapp, Philadeipnia 21 56 8 19 l 336 

Gardner. New York 22 85 12 28 4 .329 

Lajoie, Cleveland..... , 128 469 56 152 13 ^324 

Crawford, Detroit 156 589 83 185 30 .314 

Lord, Boston. 136 534 85 166 36 !311 

Speaker, Boston 143 544 73 168 35 ^309 

Baker, Philadelphia.... 148 541 73 165 2 .305 

Laporte, New York 89 309 35 92 5 .298 

Gardner, Boston. 19 37 g -Q x 297 

Carrigan, Boston 94 280 27 83 2 .296 

Stahl, Boston...., ; ., 127 435 62 128 16 .294 

Lelivelt, Washington 91 313 25 93 8 .292 

Criss, St. Louis 35 48 2 14 .292 

Birmingham, Cleveland 100 343 29 99 12 .289 

Stone, St. Louis 83 310 33 89 8 .287 

Heitmuller, Philadelphia 64 210 36 60 7 .286 

Bailey, St. Louis , £8 77 1 22 1 .286 

Dougherty, Chicago 139 491 71 140 36 .285 

Gessler, Boston and Washington... 128 450 66 128 20 .284 

Chase, New York 118 474 60 134 25 .283 

Brockett, New York 26 60 6 17 1 .283 

Hooper, Boston 81 255 29 272 15 .282 

Murphy, Philadelphia 149 541 61 152 19 .281 

Griggs, St. Louis 108 364 38 102 11 .280 

D. Jones, Detroit 69 204 44 57 12 .279 

Engle, New York 135 492 66 137 18 .278 

Clarke, Cleveland 55 184 15 45 1 .274 

Bush. Detroit 157 532 114 145 53 .273 

Moriarty, Detroit 133 473 43 129 34 .273 

Browne, Washington 103 393 40 107 13 .272 

Hartzell, St. Louis 152 595 64 161 14 .271 

Hartsel, Philadelphia 83 267 30 72 3 .270 

Hoffman, St. Louis 130 387 44 104 24 ,26° 

Lord, Cleveland 69 249 26 67 10 .269 

H. Davis, Philadelphia 149 530 73 142 20 .268 

Sweeney, New York 67 176 19 47 3 .267 

Orth, New York 22 34 3 9 1 .265 

Unglaub, Washington 130 480 43 127 15 .264 

Keeler, New York 99 360 44 95 10 .264 

Cree, New York 104 343 48 90 10 .262 

Stanage, Detroit 77 252 17 66 2 .262 

Shotten, St. Louis 17 61 S 16 3 .262 

Parent, Chicago 136 472 61 123 32 .261 

Easterly, Cleveland.. 98 287 32 75 8 .261 



Science of baseball 127 

American League Batting Averages— continued. 

T. Jones, St. Louis and Detroit 141 490 43 127 

Beckendorf, Detroit 15 27 1 7 

Hinohman, Cleveland 139 457 57 118 

Purtell, Chicago 103 361 34 93 

Rossman, Detroit-St. Louis 84 295 16 76 

Wagner. Boston 124 430 51 310 

Flick. Cleveland..., 66 235 28 60 

Ball, New York-Cleveland 104 353 34 89 

French, Boston 51 167 13 42 

Turner, Cleveland , 53 208 25 52 

Blankenship, Washington 39 60 4 15 

Steele. Boston 15 24 3 6 

Schaefer, Detroit-Washington 124 408 39 1C1 

Devoy, St. Louis 19 69 7 17 

Stovall, Cleveland 145 565 60 139 

Demmitt, New York , 123 427 68 105 

Niles, Boston... „ 145 546 64 134 

Conroy, Washingtou 139 488 44 119 

Mclntyre, Detroit 125 476 65 116 

Wolter, Boston , , , 54 119 14 29 

Payne, Chicago. 32 82 8 20 

Hemphill, New York 73 181 23 44 

Donohue, Boston 64 176 14 42 

Mclnnis, Pniladelphia 19 46 4 11 

McConnell. Boston 121 453 59 108 

Wallace, St. Louis 116 403 36 96 

White, Chicago 71 189 24 45 

E'.berfeld, New York 106 379 47 90 

Knight, New York 116 360 46 85 

Atz, Chicago 119 381 39 90 

Cole, Chicago 46 165 17 39 

McBride, Washington 155 504 38 118 

Livingstone, Philadelphia 64 175 15 41 

Altizer, Chicago 116 382 47 89 

Donohue, Chicago- Washington 86 287 13 67 

De!ehanty, Washington -Detroit 136 452 47 105 

Austin, New York 136 437 37 101 

Oldring, Philadelphia 90 326 39 75 

Kleinow, New York..... 78 206 24 47 

Isbell, Chicago 120 433 33 97 

Schweitzer. St. Louis 27 76 7 17 

Cicotte, Boston 26 49 4 !1 

Perring, Cleveland 88 263 26 63 

Thomas, Philadelphia 84 256 22 57 

Tannehill, Chicago , 155 531 39 118 

Stephens, St. Louis 79 223 18 49 

Plank, Philadelphia 35 96 5 21 



22 


.259 





.259 


22 


.258 


14 


.258 


10 


.258 


18 


.256 


9 


.255 


19 


.252 


8 


.251 


14 


.250 


2 


.250 


2 


.250 


14 


.248 


4 


.247 


25 


.246 


16 


.246 


27 


.245 


24 


.244 


13 


.244 


2 


.244 





.244 


10 


.243 


2 


.239 





.239 


26 


.268 


7 


.238 


7 


.238 


23 


.237 


15 


.236 


14 


.236 


3 


.236 


17 


.234 


4 


.234 


27 


.233 


9 


.233 


13 


.232 


30 


.231 


17 


.230 


7 


.228 


23 


.224 


3 


.224 


.2 


.224 


6 


.223 


4 


.223 


12 


.222 


5 


.220 


2 


.219 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 



American League Batting Averages— continued. 

Ferris. St. Louis 148 556 36 120 11 .216 

Miller, Washington 26 51 5 11 .216 

Barry, Philadelphia 124 409 56 88 17 .215 

Bender, Philadelphia 40 93 6 20 1 .215 

Goode, Clevevand 94 318 33 68 13 .214 

Walsh, Chicago 32 84 5 18 4 .214 

Slattery, Washington 32 56 4 12 1 .214 

Dysert, Philadelphia 32 42 2 9 .214 

McAleese. St. Louis 85 267 33 57 18 .213 

Street, Washington 137 407 25 86 2 .211 

Nichols, Philsdelphia 21 71 10 15 .211 

Ryan, Boston 14 19 3 4 .211 

Chesbro, New York-Boston 10 19 2 4 .211 

Reiley, Cleveland..... 20 62 10 13 5 .210 

Schmidt, Detroit 84 253 21 53 • 7 .209 

Killifer, Detroit-Washington 63 182 17 38 6 .209 

Blair, New York 42 110 5 23 2 .209 

Ganley, Washington-Philadelphia.. 99 337 37 70 20 .208 

Yohe, Washington.. 21 72 6 15 2 .203 

O'Leary, Detroit 76 261 29 53 9 .203 

Mullin, Detroit 52 123 12 25 2 .203 

Willett, Detroit 41 109 10 22 .202 

Owens, Chicago 64 174 12 35 33 .201 

Milan, Washington 130 400 36 80 10 .200 

Stark, Cleveland 19 60 4 12 4 .200 

Donovan, Detroit , 22 45 6 9 .200 

Clymer, Washington 45 138 11 27- 7 .196 

Williams, St, Louis 110 374 32 73 6 .195 

Dineen, St. Louis 17 36 6 7 .194 

Patterson, St. Louis-Chicago 18 52 2 10 1 .192 

Young, Cleveland 34 105 6 20 1 .190 

S. Smith, St. Louis , 17 42 3 8 .190 

Welday, Chicago 29 74 3 14 2 .189 

Bemis, Cleveland 42 123 4 23 2 .187 

Bradley, Cleveland 95 334 30 62 8 .186 

Hahn, Chicago........ 76 287 30 52 9 .182 

Burns, Washington-Chicago 26 66 3 12 .182 

C. Smith, Washington-Boston 26 55 10 .182 

Manning, New York 26 60 5 11 .182 

Schlitzer, Philadelphia-Boston 18 33 2 6 1 .182 

AMERICAN LEAGUE PITCHING AVERAGES FOR 1909. 

Name and Club. W. L. T. TO. PC. 

Mullin, Detroit...., 29 8 2 .784 

Cicotte. Boston 13 5 1 3 .722 

Willett, Detroit 22 9 8 .710 

Bender, Philadelphia 18 8 3 .692 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 

American League Pitching Averages— con 

Krause, Philadelphia 18 8 

Summers, Detroit 19 9 

Plank, Philadelphia , 19 10 

Quinn, New York 9 5 

Dvgert, Philadelphia 8 5 

Wood. Boston 11 7 

Hall, Boston., 6 4 

Smith, Chicago 25 17 

Walsh, Chicago 15 11 

Arellanes. Boston , 16 12 

Doyle, New York 8 6 

L»ke, New York 14 11 

Youns. Cleveland ,. 19 15 

Brockett, New York 10 8 

Killian, Detroit 11 9 

Chech, Boston 7 6 

Donovan, Detroit 8 7 

White, Chicago 10 9 

Falkenberer, Cleveland 10 9 

Coombs, Philadelphia 12 11 

Joss, Cleveland 14 13 

Morgan, Boston-Philanelp:. ni 18 17 

Scott, Chicago , 12 12 

Pelty, St. Louis 11 11 

Berger, Cleveland 13 14 

Hughes, New York 7 8 

Warhop, New York 13 15 

Dinneen, St. Louis 6 7 

Wilson. New York 5 6 

Bailey, St. Louis 9 11 

Waddell, St. Louis 11 14 

Powell. St. Louis 12. 16 

Burns, Washington-Chicago 9 13 

Manning. New York 7 11 

Graham, St. Louis 8 14 

Rhoaries. Cleveland 5 9 

Johnson, Washington 13 25 

Smith. Washington-Boston... 6 12 

Hushes. Washington .. 4 8 

Schlitzer, Philndelphia-Boston 4 8 

Gray. Washington 5 19 

Groom, Washington 6 26 



innue.i. 









3 


.69:2 


2 


3 


.679 





5 


.655 





1 


.643 





9 


.615 





5 


.611 





1 


.6C0 


2 


1 


.591 





3 


.577 





6 


.571 





1 


.571 





3 


.560 





1 


.559 





3 


.556 





2 


.550 





4 


.538 


2 


1 


.533 


1 


1 


.526 








.526 





5 


.522 


1 


1 


.519 





3 


.514 


3 


6 


.500 


o 


2 


.500 





3 


.481 





2 


.407 


1 


1 


.4(54 





2 


.462 





3 


.455 


1 


1 


.450 


1 


3 


.440 





1 


.428 





3 


.409 


1 


4 


.389 





5 


.364 





2 


.357 





1 


.342 





2 


.333 


1 


4 


.333 





2 


.333 





4 


.208 



WORLDS CHAMPIONSHIP SERIES 

FOR 1909. 

PITTSBURG NATIONALS AND DETROIT AMERICANS 

First Game— At Pittsburg, Oct. 8. Pittsburg, 4; Detroit, 1. Batteries- 
Adams and Gibson for Pittsburg; Rlullin and Schmidt for Detroit. 

Second Game— At Pittsburg, Oct. 9. Detroit, 7; Pittsburg, 2. Batteries 
—Donovan and Schmidt for Detroit; Camnitz, Willis and Gibson for 
Pittsburg. 

Third Game— At Detroit, Oct. 11. Pittsburg. 8; Detroit, 6. Batteries— 
Maddox and Gibson for Pittsburg; Summers, Willets, Works and 
Schmidt for Detroit. 

Fourth Game— At Detroit, Oct. 12. Detroit, 5; Pittsburg, 0. Batteries 
— Mullin and Stanage for Detroit; Leirield, Phillippe and Gibson for 
Pittsburg. 

Fifth Game— At Pittsburg:, Oct. 13. Pittsburg, 8; Detroit, 4. Batteries 
—Adams and Gibson for Pittsburg; Summera, Willets and JSchmidt for 
Detroit, 

Sixth Game— At Detroit, Oct. 14. Detroit, 5; Pittsburg, 4. Batteries 
— Mulfin and Schmidt for Detroit; Willis. Camnitz, Phillippe and Gibson 
for Pittsburg. 

Seventh Game— At Detroit. Oct. 16. Pittsburg, 8; Detroit, 0. Batteries 
—Adams and Gibson for Pittsburg; Donovan, Mullin and Schmidt for 
Detroit. 

ATTENDANCE AND RECEIPTS. 

Pittsburg, first game 

Pittsburg, second game 

Detroit, third game 

Detroit, fourth game 

Pittsburg, fifth game 

Detroit, sixth game 

Detroit, seventh game 



en dance. 


Receipts. 


29,264 


$40,271.50 


3C,915 


41,884.50 


18,277 


20,676.00 


17,036 


21,103.00 


21,706 


32,173.00 


10.535 


12,517.50 


17,562 


19,677.00 



Totals 145.295 $188,302.50 

PREVIOUS SERIES FOR THE WORLD'S CH AMPIONSHIP. 

1884 Providence 

1885 Chicago 

1886 Chicago 

1887 Detroit 

1888 New York 

1889 New York 

1890 , Brooklyn 

1903 Boston 

1905 New York 

1906 Americans 

1907 Chicago 

1908 Chicago 

1909 Pittsburg 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 



EASTERN LEAGUE BATTING AVERAGES FOR 1909. 

Name and Club. G. A B. R. H. SB. PC. 

Bills, Baltimore , 16 39 8 14 1 .359 

Grimshaw, Toronto 124 482 56 149 12 .309 

Ganzel, Rochester 119 429 42 131 11 .305 

Simmons, Rochester 137 472 59 141 12 .299 

Osborn, Rochester 64 238 39 71 5 ,298 

Mitchell, Toronto... 109 342 24 101 15 ,295 

Collins. Buffalo 31 109 8 32 7 .294 

Gardner. Jersey City 95 326 37 95 9 .291 

Gettman, Newark 149 561 78 162 16 .289 

Strang, Baltimore.. 107 351 54 101 2 .288 

Lee. Toronto 38 104 12 30 1 ,288 

Hoffman, Providence 154 575 68 164 32 .285 

Knotts, Buffalo- Jersey City 36 102 9 29 1 .285 

Houser, Toronto 151 567 82 161 15 .234 

White, Buffalo 153 568 72 159 20 .280 

Yeaser, Montreal 128 490 59 137 14 .280 

Kelley. Newark 156 581 79 161 40 .277 

Erwin, Rochester 102 338 25 93 7 .275 

Hall. Baltimore... 136 5C7 64 139 23 .274 

Blackburn, Providence 121 444 52 121 32 .273 

Kelley, Toronto 107 357 49 96 11 .269 

Moran, Providence 154 571 92 153 58 .268 

Slagle, Baltimore 115 411 69 110 24 .268 

Byers, Baltimore 104 340 26 91 4 .268 

Cassidy, Baltimore 86 310 29 83 10 .268 

Zimmerman, Newark 46 178 20 47 7 .264 

Jackson, Baltimore 137 475 68 125 23 ,263 

Wolverton. Newark 108 390 37 102 9 .262 

McConnell, Jersey City-Roch 25 84 9 22 .262 

Anderson, Providence 127 467 47 122 26 .261 

Kritchell, Newark-Moot 89 261 18 68 7 .261 

Beecher, Rochester : 37 66 6 17 1 .258 

Laritte, Providence 34 89 8 23 .258 

Arndt, Providence 139 530 51 135 18 .255 

Poland, Baltimore 100 S62 37 92 20 .255 

Clarke, Baltimore 35 134 21 34 4 .253 

Batch, Rochester 145 492 56 124 27 .252 

Maiding. Toronto 135 472 56 119 20 .252 

Meyers, Newark „ 156 519 69 130 37 .250 

Pattee, Rochester 155 564 70 141 37 .250 

McDonald, Rochester-Toronto.. 98 356 48 89 13 .250 

Hearne, Baltimore 59 156 8 39 3 .250 

Lapp, Newark 51 148 12 37 2 .250 

Catiz, Baltimore 37 1C8 11 27 5 .250 

Shaw, Providence 30 108 14 27 4 .250 

Klinck, Buffalo 12 36 3 9 .250 



132 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 

EASTERN LEAGUE PITCHING AVERAGES FOR 1909. 

Name and Club. G. W. L. R. PC. 

McConnell, Rochester 13 9 3 24 .750 

Ragon, Rochester 9 6 2 9 .750 

Cronin, Providence 33 16 8 79 .667 

Barbericb, Providence,.. 37 20 11 80 .645 

McGinnity, Newark 55 ■ 29 16 105 .644 

Barger, Roc b ester 45 23 13 81 .639 

McGinley, Toronto 40 22 13 103 .629 

Beecber, Rochester 34 10 6 79 .625 

Rudolph, Toronto 42 23 14 101 .622 

Snyder, Rochester 22 6 4 48 .600 

Schmidt, Baltimore., 8 3 2 27 .600 

Sline, Providence 7 3 4 16 .600 

Mueller, Newark 40 16 11 90 .593 

Holmes, Rochester 39 16 11 82 .593 

Pfefler, Baltimore-Toronto .. 31 14 10 77 .583 

Lee, Toronto... ...... 12 4 3 32 .571 

Winters, Montreal 35 15 12 92 .556 

Brady, Newark..., 22 10 8 71 .556 

Frill, Newan< 34 16 13 92 .552 

Newton, Toronto 25 12 10 66 .545 

Lafitte, Providence 33 13 11 76 .542 

Malarkey, Buffalo , 31 13 11 74 .542 

Henley. Rochester....! .. 23 10 9 56 .526 

Adkins, Baltimore 48 21 19 137 .525 

Smith, Montreal 37 15 14 123 .517 

Dessau, Baltimore 44 18 17 152 .514 

Vowinkle, Buffalo 42 16 16 126 .500 

Merritt, Jersey City , 30 14 14 90 .500 

Ford, Jersey City 32 13 13 74 .500 

Goettell, Jersey City 12 3 3 32 .500 

Bills. Baltimore 10 3 3 36 .500 

Kissinger, Buffalo 44 18 19 100 .486 

Taylor, Buffalo 39 16 18 93 .470 

Flater, Newark 29 8 9 69 .470 

Barry, Providence 32 11 13 65 .458 

Sitton, Jersey City, ... 30 11 13 87 .458 

Lavender, Providence 35 14 17 102 .452 

Wicker, Montreal.. 29 11 14 90 .440 

Manser, Jersey City 27 10 13 83 .435 

Chappelle, Rochester . .. 21 9 12 57 ,429 

Parkins, Newark.,.. 26 6 8 54 .429 

Savidge, Montreal 26 11 15 83 .423 

Keefe, Montreal 38 13 18 99 .419 

Burcheil, Buffalo 19 6 9 70 .400 

Allison, Buffalo 13 2 3 35 .400 

McOloskey, Baltimore ., 25 7 11 97 .389 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 133 

NEW YORK STATE LEAGUE BATTING AVERAGES FOR 1909. 

Players and Clubs. G. AB, R. BH. SH. PC. 

Ki.y, Albany 14u 527 71 185 4 .351 

Drake, Wilkesbarre 143 567 85 185 29 .345 

Beville, Syracuse 24 52 6 17 4 .327 

Malay, Elmira 137 491 80 159 29 .324 

Madden, Utica 134 493 103 156 30 .316 

Catiz, Wilkesbarre 51 181 30 56 5 .309 

Kustus, Syracuse 52 183 25 56 8 ,306 

Bills, Wilkesbarre 38 115 14 35 5 .304 

Noonan, Wilkesbarre 105 395 59 120 13 .304 

DeGrott, Wilkesbarre 134 531 93 156 13 .294 

Wiltse, Syracuse 54 133 13 39 4 .293 

Kirke. Bingbamton-Wilkesbarre... 144 547 62 158 17 .289 

Miller, Wilkesbarre... 75 258 25 74 6 .287 

Konnick, Wilkesbarre 104 343 39 98 12 .286 

Briger, Troy 17 49 5 14 2 .285 

Carney, Utica 96 350 37 98 14 .280 

Yancey, Binghamton 62 241 34 67 6 .278 

Cook, Binghamton.. 130 507 64 140 15 .276 

Swayne, Binghatnton 29 102 17 28 9 .275 

James, Elmira 134 488 58 133 26 .273 

Hennessy. Binsbamton 52 183 25 50 15 .273 

Fox, Wilkesbarre 129 484 67 131 14 .271 

Freeman, Albany-Troy 134 477 54 129 21 .270 

Dufly.Troy 137 554 83 149 12 .269 

Scbrall, Syracuse 23 79 10 21 10 .266 

Knapp, Wilkesbarre 48 142 13 37 3 .261 

Gatins, Troy 101 361 31 93 26 .258 

Hessler, Elmira 98 352 48 91 7 .258 

McGamwell, Binshamton 134 506 38 130 8 .257 

1 1 alllgan, Scranton 86 297 32 76 13 .256 

Marcan, Binghamton 61 204 21 52 4 .255 

Boyle, Utica.. 114 419 55 107 22 .255 

Kennedy, Utica 127 450 71 114 15 .253 

Wagner. Binghamton 88 297 34 75 14 .252 

Burns, Utica 74 198 19 51 12 .251 

Pearson, Wilkesbarre 16 40 5 10 4 .250 

Philbin, Scranton 45 153 15 38 5 .248 

Bastian, Utica 137 496 91 113 12 .248 

McAvoy, Syracuse 67 243 20 60 15 .247 

Crisham, Syracuse 142 551 47 136 13 .246 

Zeimer. Scranton 100 357 34 88 14 .246 

Madigan, Scranton 128 470 48 115 16 .245 

Cunningham, Troy 27 70 8 17 2 .243 

Snyder, Troy 100 343 30 83 15 .242 

Burke, Syracuse 126 478 68 115 12 .241 

Castle. Scranton 127 527 70 127 21 .241 



i34 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 

NEW YORK STATE LEAGUE PITCHING AVERAGES FOR 1909. 

Name and Club. G. PO. A. E PC. 

Cunningham, Troy 27 6 55 .1000 

Adrian, Utica 30 12 53 .1000 

Wagner, Bingrmmton 6 4 29 .1000 

Hope, Bingbamton 21 4 52 .1000 

Purcell, Troy. 15 7 38 1 ^ .978 

Collins, Utica 30 10 69 2"- v -975 

Pounds. Elmira ; .„. 28 18 87 3 . .972 

Bilis, Wili<es-Barre 38 18 81 3 ,971 

Knight, Albany 33 14 106 4 .968 

Donnelly, Troy 37 21 125 5 .966 

Knapp, Wilkes-Barre 34 9 75 3 .966 

Mittenger, Scranton 29 11 68 3 .963 

Chappelle, Albany .»... 36 28 97 5 .962 

Wiltsie, Syracuse 48 29 94 5 .961 

Hardy, Troy 36 8 62 3 .960 

A pplegate, Wilkes-Barre 32 11 105 5 .959 

Garrity, Elmira 19 8 39 2 .959 

Schulz, Scranton 35 12 102 5 .958 

Reardon, Utica , 36 12 74 4 .955 

Wolfgang, Albany 37 28 127 8 .951 

Pearson. Wilkes-Barre 16 9 30 2 .951 

Schmidt, Scranton 33 14 82 5 .950 

Pappalau, Bingbamton. 33 13 75 5 .946 

Goodwin, Syracuse 16 4 47 3 .944 

Ramsey, Binghamton 30 20 65 6 .934 

Bowen, Elmira 24 2 54 4 .923 

Robertaile, Utica 39 14 133 11 .930 

Chalmers, Scranton 34 15 124 11 .927 

Randolph, Binghamton 25 6 32 3 .927 

O'Connor, Utica 25 6 61 6 .918 

Dablgren, Syracuse 31 6 54 6 .909 

Maroney, Albany 29 13 79 10 .902 

Thompson. Syracuse 34 18 83 11 .902 

Polchow, Troy 33 4 66 8 .897 

Malloy, Wilkes-Barre 41 9 86 12 .888 

Swormstead, Troy 28 3 48 7 .879 

L. Hafford, Troy 32 7 75 13 .860 

Allison, Troy 15 30 5 .857 

Mulbolland, Bingbamton 25 7 60 3 .816 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 135 

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION BATTING AVERAGES FOR 1909. 

Players and Clubs. G. AB. R. H. SH. PC. 

Spencer, St. Paul. 34 112 8 37 7 .330 

O'Neill, Minneapolis 144 548 65 162 7 .296 

W. Clarke. Toledo 20 58 3 17 5 .293 

Hoey, St. Paul 25 89 7 26 9 .292 

Cravatb, Minneapolis J25 413 60 120 16 .290 

Krueger, Columbus 168 670 82 194 28 .289 

Hickman, Toledo... 167 644 70 183 13 .284 

Armbruster, St. Paul. 148 545 64 154 17 .282 

Beckley, Kansas City 113 428 41 120 18 .280 

Randall, Milwaukee 167 620 91 173 28 .279 

Carr. Indianapolis 155 595 67 166 26 .279 

Freeman, Toledo 127 456 55 127 9 :278 

Smitb, Indianapolis 21 76 11 21 1 .276 

Love, Kansas City 138 491 59 135 17 .275 

Conealton, Columbus 168 669 63 183 29 .274 

James, Columbus 117 408 55 112 11 .274 

Hayden. Indianapolis 168 651 71 178 30 .273 

Collins, Minneapolis..., 153 556 61 152 12 .273 

Downs. Minneapolis 167 652 67 177 19 .271 

Smoot, Toledo.. 137 504 60 136 39 .270 

Spencer, Indianapolis 46 171 25 46 6 .269 

Thielman. Louisville 37 105 13 28 3 .267 

i.inchman, Toledo 162 608 90 162 29 .266 

O'Rourke. Columbus 129 464 66 123 22 .265 

Fly nn, St. Paul 119 452 61 120 11 .265 

Hallman, Kansas City ,.. .. 153 546 71 144 23 .264 

Josb. Clarke, Columbus 157 588 83 154 28 .262 

Carlisle, Kansas City .. 127 427 49 110 24 .258 

Puttmann, Louisville 24 62 3 16 4 .258 

H. Clarke, Milwaukee 173 548 78 141 32 .257 

Qaiclan, Louisville-Columbus 145 501 37 129 27 .257 

Cariscb, St. Paul. H8 374 32 96 13 .257 

El wert. Toledo 146 519 54 132 18 .254 

Liese.St. Paul . .. ... 120 426 41 108 26 .253 

Raftery, Toledo 48 174 32 44 5 .253 

Rapps, Kansas City 22 71 4 18 8 .253 

Landretb, Louisville. 43 159 12 40 5 .251 

McChesney, Indianapolis 75 268 34 67 24 .250 

Fenlon, Louisville . 39 144 15 36 4 .250 

Neighbors, Kansas City , 20 84 8 21 3 .250 

Odwell, Columbus 158 618 82 154 32 .249 

Hostetter, Milwaukee ... 80 277 18 69 7 .249 

Chadbourne, Indianapolis 127 484 79 119 11 .248 

Olmstead. Minneapolis 42 121 12 30 1 .248 

Collins, Minneapolis 37 137 18 34 8 .248 

Abbott, Toledo 93 348 32 86 9 .247 



136 SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION PITCHING AVERAGES FOR 1909. 

Name and Club. G. PO. A. E. PC 

Owen, Toledo..... 32 16 83 1 .990 

Patterson, Minneapolis 29 19 77 1 .989 

Wacker, Milwaukee 25 7 36 1 .977 

Hogg. Louisville 37 16 60 2 .974 

Wilson, Minneapolis 23 1 36 2 .974 

Swann, Kansas City 39 33 111 4 .972 

Lindaman, Indianapolis 16 3 32 1 .972 

Dornei , Kansas City 33 4 60 2 .969 

T.iielman, Louisville 20 15 49 2 .969 

Altrock. Minneapolis 22 13 48 2 .968 

MeGlynn, Milwaukee 64 16 147 6 .964 

Glaze, Indianapolis 40 28 82 4 .964 

Kuepper, Indianapolis 20 3 24 1 .964 

Geyer. Columbus 41 17 117 4 .963 

Dougherty, Milwaukee 45 26 78 4 .962 

Steele, St. Paul 18 7 44 2 .962 

Olmstfcad, Minneapolis 41 17 84 4 .961 

Jones, Indianapolis 20 4 42 2 .958 

Puttmann, Louisville 16 6 39 2 .957 

Halla, Louisville 36 8 102 5 .956 

Essick, Kansas City 38 11 72 4 .954 

Le Roy. St. Paul 57 27 133 8 .952 

Slagle, Indianapolis 39 23 95 6 .951 

Young, Minneapolis 46 15 82 5 .950 

Chech, St. Paul 16 6 50 3 .949 

Goodwin, Columbus 45 10 98 6 .947 

Gehring, St. Paul 36 22 103 7 .946 

Manske, Milwaukee... 24 11 36 3 .940 

Schneilberg, Milwaukee 30 14 48 4 .939 

Graham, Indianapolis 40 18 68 6 .934 

West, Toledo 44 7 63 5 .933 

McSu-dy, Toledo 42 8 86 7 .930 

Hall, St. Paul 26 14 66 6 .930 

Cheney, Indianapolis 39 23 77 8 .925 

Packard, Louisville 39 26 76 9 .918 

Curtis, Milwaukee 27 9 80 8 .917 

Flaherty, Kansas City A 31 9 73 8 .911 

Linke, Columbus 42 16 76 9 .910 

K. Robinson, Toledo... 39 11 59 7 .909 

Nelson, St. Paul-Columbus 27 12 38 5 .909 

Carter, Kansas City 32 10 68 8 .006 

Selbv, Louisville 41 12 93 11 .905 

Kilroy,St.Paul 31 11 63 8 .902 

Oberlin, Minneapolia ... 23 11 42 7 .883 

Upp, Columbus 44 8 33 6 -872 

Lattimore. Toledo 15 5 26 5 .861 



science J3F baseball nr 

NEW ENGLAND LEAGUE BATTING AVERAGES. 1909. 

Name and Club. G. AB. R. BH. S.B. PC. 

Danzig, Lowell 64 232 39 80 17 .345 

Hamilton, Lynn 109 376 61 125 23 .332 

Burkett, Worcester 75 218 30 71 6 .326 

Duggan, Sew Bedforu 17 40 4 13 2 .325 

Shaw, Worcester 89 336 60 108 28 .321 

Russell, Worcester 126 437 81 138 8 .316 

Murch, Brockton 123 460 54 144 25 .313 

Bradley, Worcester 122 462 84 144 23 .312 

Messenger. Fall River 105 374 78 116 38 ,310 

Connaughton, Haverhill 124 480 73 141 37 .294 

Catterson. Lawrence.... 87 314 34 91 18 .290 

Kiernan, Woicester 24 69 14 20 4 .289 

Logan, Worcester 118 439 63 125 16 .285 

Briggs, Haverhill 118 439 44 125 15 .285 

Barrows, New Bedford 123 474 88 134 29 .283 

Burg, Lynn... 121 438 47 124 69 .283 

Page, Lynn 120 474 74 133 40 .282 

Rondeau, Worcester Ill 403 61 113 16 .280 

Courtney, Haverhill 110 404 76 112 52 .277 

Fullerton, Fall River 48 117 15 32 4 .274 

Howard, Lowell 123 450 54 123 35 .273 

Finlayson, Brockton 34 99 9 27 3 .273 

O'Toole, Brockton 46 147 17 40 3 .272 

Boardman, Haverhill... 123 480 54 130 11 .271 

Slattery, New Bedford-Lawrence .. 33 119 10 32 5 .269 

Zimmerman, Lynn 110 400 70 107 52 .268 

Cunningham, New Bedford 115 416 41 111 26 .267 

Donovan. Brockton 125 497 53 132 23 .266 

Austin, F. R.-Lawrence-Haverhill. 21 79 9 21 1 .266 

Merrill, Haverhill 99 340 37 90 19 .265 

Daum.Lvnn , .. 101 321 33 85 2 .265 

Cooney, Haverhill 71 238 15 63 8 .265 

Massey, Lowell-Lawrence 99 351 25 92 8 .262 

Devine, Fall River 122 465 67 121 26 .260 

Yerkes, Worcester 50 185 30 48 7 .260 

Weaver, Fall River ,.. 118 395 61 102 17 .258 

Wilson, New Bedford... 88 311 22 80 10 .257 

Keady. Worcester 28 74 13 19 1 .257 

Fluharty, Lowell 71 274 36 70 8 .256 

Shannon, Brockton.. 107 377 44 96 27 .255 

Wormwood, Fall River 61 153 14 39 5 .255 

Henriksen, Brockton 119 421 88 107 27 .254 

Bauman, New Bedford 123 444 58 112 25 .252 

Ulrirh, New Bedford 89 275 24 69 7 .251 

Fischer, Fall River. ...'. 17 44 4 11 2 .250 

.McCune,, Worcester 95 306 38 76 21 .248 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 



NEW ENGLAND LEAGUE PITCHING AVERAGES FOR 1909. 

Name and Club. G. PO. A. E. PC. 

O'Toole. Haverhill 33 10 86 .1000 

Cooney, Haverhill 15 2 56 .1000 

Wilson, Worcester , 30 10 70 1 .988 

Lessard, Haverhill 41 14 117 3 .978 

Abbott, Lynn.., .... 40 8 109 3 .975 

Goettel. Brockton.... 19 5 55 2 .968 

Eason, Lawrence...., _ 15 7 48 2 .965 

Warner, Lowell-Lawrence... 37 8 125 5 .964 

Owens, Worcester , 36 7 69 3 .963 

Syfert, New Bedford... 17 9 07 3 .963 

Whittredge, Lowell ., 31 7 94 4 .962 

Hoff. Lynn 31 17 56 3 .960 

Keady, Worcester 24 10 38 2 .960 

Maybohm, Lawrence-Brockton 23 9 64 3 ' 960 

Sline, Lawrence-Worcester 29 4 63 3 ; :957 

Girard, Lynn 16 2 37 2 .951 

Freil, Haverhill 33 6 108 6 .950 

Cutting, Brockton .33 1 69 4 .946 

Duval, .Lowell... 38 6 92 6 .942 

Blanchard. Lynn-Lowell 25 8 55 4 .940 

Riejrer, Fall River.; 29 9 63 5 .934 

Griffith, New Bedford 26 16 80 7 .932 

Finlayson. Brocuton 33 6 85 7 .929 

Wood. Fall River 33 15 86 8 .927 

Fullerton. Fall River , 44 13 146 15 .914 

Armstrong, New Bedford . 31 6 89 10 .905 

Knetzer. Lawrence 36 12 90 11 .903 

O'Toole, Brockton 43 14 151 19 .897 

Anderson, Worcester ... . . . 17 3 32 5 .875 

Wormwood, Fall River 39 11 70 16 .835 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 139 

WESTERN LEAGUE BATTING AVERAGES FOR 1909. 

Name and Club G. AB. R. SH. SB. PC. 

Welch, Omaha ..151 527 81 44 51 .372 

Miller, Pueblo , 87 305 52 7 20 .367 

Mertens, Des Moines .. 14 33 7 12 .363 

Holmes, Soo City 54 140 26 10 15 .357 

Reilly, Topeka 52 177 36 13 9 .350 

Towne, Soo City 118 366 56 22 17 .331 

Smith, Soo City.. . , 156 557 135 17 52 .329 

Fenlon, Topeka 95 365 63 7 21 .328 

Jones Denver 152 586 110 15 43 .326 

Edmonson, Soo City 125 454 90 28 25 .324 

Cole. Wichita 100 426 73 8 12 .322 

(Jardner, Pueblo , 22 78 9 2 2 .321 

Spencer, Pueblo 97 347 66 15 50 .32C 

Thompson, Denver , 68 239 31 2 6 318 

Kane, Omaha , .. . 153 558 101 23 33 .315 

Foutz, Pueblo.. ., , 18 64 4 10 .313 

Clark, Pueblo.... ,146 537 93 17 22 .313 

Landreth, Topeka .. 48 170 22 5 13 312 

Dalton, Des Moines 152 582 113 16 35 ,308 

Pettigrew, Topeka 140 488 94 16 26 .305 

Curtis, Pueblo ....:. . 146 575 105 10 25 .301 

Hunter, Soo City... ... ... 156 539 132 41 59 .301 

Waldron, Lincoln 150 609 99 18 21 .300 

McChesney, Pueblo 41 150 13 3 4 .300 

Lindsay, Denver 118 426 70 15 18 .300 

Thomason. Topeka 61 160 16 7 9 .300 

Thomas, Lincoln .... 149 573 116 11 49 .298 

Middleton. Wichita. 126 449 68 19 13 .296 

King, Omaha 154 557 107 22 42 .296 

Cassidy, Denver 154 615 112 10 39 .296 

W. Davidson, Lincoln 150 566 85 19 49 .295 

Stan kard, Denver , .. ...142 530 67 10 25 .294 

Bader. Des Moines 138 519 82 19 27 .293 

Welch, Soo City... 142 581 83 27 22 .293 

Fennell, Wichita 155 574 90 14 26 .292 

Potts, Omaha 43 148 19 13 9 .291 

Dwyer, Des Moines. 146 532 99 18 24 .291 

Stovall, Soo City 156 570 85 21 27 .288 

Fisher, Omaha 151 591 127 16 88 .288 

Shipke, Omaha 72 258 39 16 12 .287 

Bohannon, Denver 78 206 27 8 3 .286 

Hallman, Denver 24 63 5 2 2 .286 

Geir, Topeka .. 151 582 66 19 25 .285 

Kerner, Des Moines 103 283 35 4 10 .283 

Weaver, Wichita 88 289 ;i7 3 7 .280 

Pendry, Omaha 144 494 95 40 51 ,27f 



140 SCIENCE OF BASEB ALL 

WESTERN LEAGUE PI/TCIIING AVERAGES FOR 1909. 

Name and Club. G. PO. A. E. PC. 

Bobannon, Denver... 29 6 55 1.000 

Shackelford. Wicuita 13 3 20 1.000 

Saunders, Omaha 29 7 74 1.000 

Ashley, Topeka 10 5 23 1.000 

Lange, Des Moines 52 15 99 2 .983 

Miller, Des Moines 47 19 85 2 .981 

McGrath. Lincoln 12 6 45 1 .981 

Boles, Topeka. 12 6 33 1 .975 

Brennan, Wichita 41 16 82 3 .970 

Johnson, Lincoln-Soo City... 45 14 100 4 .966 

Burnum, Tope i<a-Des Moines 25 7 53 2 .964 

Jackson, Denver-Pueblo 33 12 66 3 .953 

Clarke, Des Moines-Soo Citv 34 4 89 4 .959 

Harris, Topeka 12 2 21 1 .958 

Galgano, Pueblo 42 17 119 6 .958 

Cbabeck, Soo City 42 9 102 5 .957 

Adams, Denver 4? 3 60 3 .955 

Fromme, Soo City 27 4 80 4 .955 

McCafferty, Soo City-Lineo.n 33 17 136 8 .9'0 

Biersdorfer, Des Moines 35 6 82 5 .946 

Wilson, Soo City 13 4 31 2 .94G 

Mel ter. Soo City 13 5 30 2 .946 

Wright, Topeka 37 2 49 3 .944 

Patton. Omaha '. 12 8 25 2 .943 

Johns, Omaha... 13 1 31 2 .941 

Hollenbeck, Omaha 43 29 81 7 .940 

Durham, Des Moines-Denver 10 8 35 3 .935 

Keeley, Omaha 42 17 96 8 .934 

Shaner, Wichita 50 11 89 7 .934 

Lower Omaha 43 13 111 9 ,933 

J. Jones, Lincoln 32 8 74 6 .932 

Bonno. Lincoln-Pueb.o 15 2 23 2 .926 

Ftrthing, Lincoln 30 5 57 5 .925 

Freeman, Soo City 29 6 55 5 .924 

C. Clark, Wichita 16 2 34 3 .923 

Nas>le, Lincoln 23 5 42 4 .922 

McGregor. Des Moines 17 6 50 5 .918 

Olmstead, Denver 37 25 71 9 .914 

Forrester, Lincoln 8 2 18 2 .909 

Wasson. Lincoln-Denver 24 7 40 5 .904 

Ford, Denver 16 3 24 3 .900 

Kaufmann, Topeka 58 14 126 16 .897 

Aitchison, Wichita 37 9 65 9 .892 

Hendrix, Topeka 25 5 49 7 .885 

J. Locke, Pueblo 18 4 2b 4 .882 

Alderman. Soo City 47 6 114 16 .870 



SCIENCE OF BASEBALL 



SOUTHERN ASSOCIATION BATTING AVERAGES FOR 1909. 

Name and Club. G. AB. R. S.I. SB. PC 

Daubert, Memphis 81 283 35 14 17 .314 

Tanneman, Nashville .. 62 192 24 10 6 .312 

Berry, Little Rock 19 58 7 4 .310 

Hart, Montgomery 95 319 34 6 12 .307 

MeGilvray, Birmingham 143 478 42 13 16 .291 

Weimer, New Orleans 139 524 56 15 12 .288 

Henline, Birmingham 146 556 71 20 43 .285 

Manuel. Birmingham 53 144 8 8 2 .284 

Ray, Nashville 123 484 77 9 24 .233 

Folbre, Little Rock 17 46 2 1 .2*2 

Kerwin, Montgomery 143 495 73 39 28 .282 

Smith, Atlanta.... , 103 421 40 18 14 .280 

Molesworth, Birmingham 140 512 44 19 19 .277 

Lee, Atlanta 27 95 17 5 15 .273 

Yancey. Birmingham 40 137 9 3 9 .270 

Seabaugh, Nashville 96 333 18 12 7 .270 

Sentelle, Mobile. 143 489 56 33 26 269 

Daley. Montgomery 137 493 76 15 25 .269 

East, Nashville 138 492 57 22 19 .266 

Bnyless, Atlanta ,141 490 85 8 29 .265 

Rockenfield, Montgomery 119 403 37 16 16 .263 

Persons, Montgomery-Litt e Rock 133 501 77 16 25 .261 

Perry, Little Rock 140 504 39 17 21 .261 

Breltenstein, New Orleans 34 93 6 4 1 .258 

Shields, Memphis 68 236 14 7 2 .258 

Lindsay, Mem pnis-New Orleans 131 436 28 10 17 .256 

Fritz. Mobile 15 39 3 1 .256 

Baerwald, Memphis 125 478 45 20 27 .255 

Rogers, Atlanta 17 43 1 3 1 .255 

Larsen, Birmingham 60 184 20 15 3 .255 

Collins. Little Rock.. 141 53S 49 20 23 .252 

Robertson. Nashville 98 362 37 9 24 .251 

Cocash, Little Rock- Mobile.. 109 391 40 14 20 .248 

Watson, Mobile ... 114 379 32 9 11 .248 

Bitler. Nashville 138 487 41 18 28 .248 

Pepe, Montgomery ... 120 384 49 16 26 .247 

Osteen, Montgomery Ill 386 42 19 10 246 

Gygli, Birmingham 140 477 36 19 39 .245 

Wheat, Mobile ..129 460 58 13 10 .245 

Petit, Mobile . 18 29 2 1 1 .241 

Thornton. Mobile 122 406 39 13 15 .241 

Kirkpatrick, Atlanta 27 62 7 3 4 .241 

Robinson, Birmingham 27 75 6 4 .240 

Shannon, Montgomery .. 84 250 17 21 3 .240 

Wiseman. Nashville 132 460 62 50 25 .239 

Jordan, Atlanta 144 502 51 24 27 .239 



t 4 2 SCIENCE Of BASEBALL 



SOUTHERN ASSOCIATION PITCHING AVERAGES FOR 1909. 

Name and Club. G. PO. A. E. PC- 

Folbre, Little Rock 14 7 18 1.000 

Rogers, Atlanta 17 10 38 1 .979 

Stockdale, Mobile 30 19 66 2 .977 

Thomas, Montgomery 33 8 74 2 .976 

Lively, Montgomery..., 38 18 106 3 .976 

Dickson, Birmingham 33 14 98 3 .974 

Fisher, Atlanta.. 36 11 75 2 .969 

Bliss, Montgomery 27 10 £2 2 .968 

Schwenck. Memphis 23 8 51 2 .967 

Duggan, Nashville 32 16 100 4 .966 

Pruitt, New Orleans 29 16 70 3 .966 

Bartley. New Orleans-Atlanta 32 13 74 3 .966 

Susgs, Mobile , 15 5 48 2 .963 

Hess, New' Orleans 38 18 83 4 .961 

Maxwell, Atlanta-New Orleans 36 23 109 5 .960 

Fritz, New Orleans-Mem phis , .. 31 15 80 4 .959 

Manuel, Birmingham 35 20 102 5 .958 

Breitenstein, New Orleans 26 22 83 5 .954 

Queisser, Memphis 32 9 95 5 .954 

Schultz, Mobile 11 2 18 1 .952 

Hickman, Mobile 31 23 91 6 .952 

Keiber, Memphis 37 12 103 6 .950 

Atkins, Atlanta. 34 13 81 5 .949 

Guese, Montgomery 31 5 61 4 .942 

Bittrolfl, Mobile 35 12 76 6 .936 

Juul, Montgomery 23 7 46 3 .934 

Case, Nashville 32 14 S3 7 .932 

Hixon, Mobile = 14 5 34 3 .928 

Milton. Little Rock 12 1 37 3 .926 

Lilivelt, Mobi'.e 14 9 28 3 .925 

Schopp, Birmingham.... 22 11 61 5 .925 

Johns, Atlanta 30 12 70 7 .921 

Hart, Little Rock 28 10 96 9 .921 

Robinson, Birmingham 27 12 66 7 .917 

Viebahn, Atlanta-Nashville 25 9 5G 6 .916 

Fleharty, Birmingham 35 6 75 8 .910 

Perdue, Nashville 37 3 68 7 .910 

Buchanan, Little Rock 35 5 70 8 .903 

Dick, Memphis..., 39 26 105 16 .891 

Kellum,;Nashville , . . .. 19 8 47 7 .887 

Rhodes, Little Rock 17 4 32 5 .878 

Paige. New Orleans , 16 10 23 5 .863 

Higgins, Little Rock 11 7 21 5 .848 




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if Fount ainhead of Strength 

Endorsed by the United States Navy 




A Great Series of Exercises Without 
Apparatus ' = 



SENT BY MAIL FOR SEVEN 2 CENT STAMPS 



MAR- 5 1910 



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Znl° FC °»S 




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